B cells and dendritic cells are both capable of antigen presentation via MHC molecules. What are the similarities and differences between these two cell types in terms of their MHC type expression and cell types they are presenting to and interacting with?
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B cells and dendritic cells are both capable of antigen presentation via MHC molecules. What are the similarities and differences between these two cell types in terms of their MHC type expression and cell types they are presenting to and interacting with?
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- Please could you explain how lymphocytes (especially B) can maintain receptors on their surfaces? Is this genetically related? If so, when the lymphocytes are first exposed to the antigens, how could the antigen receptor be synthesized? Is there a mutation within the nuclei of these lymphocytes when they learn to make the receptors? If there is, can you explain how this occurs?You can choose one or more than one option Antibodies: IMMUNOLOGY basic have two identical antigen-binding sites. consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. are secreted by plasma cells are produced by T lymphocytes during adaptive immune response can bind their constant heavy chain region to phagocytes Which of the following proteins are transmembrane proteins? CELL BIOLOGY basic integrin oestrogen receptor phospholipase C adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase growth factor receptor What are the correct statements? MOLECULAR BIOLOGY advanced A mutation located within a promoter can change the gene expression. An mRNA can be differentially spliced according to the tissue. RNA transcribed by the RNA polymerase II are translated The end of the transcription process requires a specific DNA sequence A reverse transcriptase can polymerise either a DNA or an RNA strand. Which of the following cells kill other cells by exocytosis of…Describe HOW the spike protein produced by your own cells results in an immune response, antibody production and memory! You will need to mention the cell receptors involved, the specific T-cells and "other" lymphocytes that are part of this process and explain how all of this leads to antibody production and circulation for three months. Need answer in short but ASAPLY
- What occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply. Naive B cells bind to antigen on the surface of a bacterium and become activated. A dendritic cell incorporates digested viral antigen-MHC complexes. Naive cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen on antigen-presenting dendritic cells and become activated. Effector cytotoxic T cells circulate through the body and kill any body cells that display the viral antigen-MHC complexes.The virus shown in the diagram below is only able to infect and replicate in epithelial cells. In order for the cross-presenting dendritic cell to display viral peptides, rather than self peptides on its surface MHC class I proteins, which of the following procedures could be utilized, starting with the components shown in the figure below? Mix epithelial cells with heat-killed virus, wait 24 hrs, wash away any virus particles outside the epithelial cells, then add epithelial cells to dendritic cells. Mix epithelial cells with viral peptides, wait 24 hrs, wash away any viral peptides not bound to the epithelial cells, then add epithelial cells to dendritic cells. Mix epithelial cells with live virus particles, wait 24 hrs, wash away any virus particles outside the epithelial cells, then add epithelial cells to dendritic cells. Mix dendritic cells with viral nucleic acids and epithelial cells for 24 hrs. MIx epithelial cells will viral nucleic acids, wait 24 hrs, wash away any viral…Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. Antigen fragments that bind to MHC class I molecules are typically in endosomes. " " TAP1 and TAP2 are present on the plasma membrane of APCs. " " Proteasomes process antigens within the endoplasmic reticulum. " " Newly synthesized MHC class I molecules can be found within endosomes. " " Newly synthesized MHC class I α chains assemble in the ER with calnexin. " "
- Determine which statement(s) are true/false NK cells are a type of lymphocyte involved in acquired immunity Plasma cells are a type of B- cell that directly bind antigens on target cells ✓ [Choose ] False True Binding of antigen to the cell surface of B-memory cells is a trigger for the secondary immune response Loss of MHC Class I expression would decrease the effectiveness of cytotoxic T-cell response [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] >Which of the following statements pertain to this cell. This cell is a precursor to a cell which: 1. is an antigen-presenting cell 2. demonstrates MHC I molecules 3. demonstrates MHC II molecules 4. demonstrates CD4 molecules 5. is capable of synthesizing and releasing perforin and granzymes Choose from the following: (A) 1, 2, and 3 (B) 2 and 3 only (C) 3 and 4 only (D) 1 and 3 (E) 1, 4, and 5Major histocompatibility proteins (MHC) presented with an antigen: are recognized by T lymphocytes both may be expressed by any nucleated cell and are recognized by T lymphocytes both may be expressed by any nucleated cell and are recognized by B lymphocytes may be expressed by any nucleated cell are recognized by B lymphocytes
- Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?B cell receptor diversity is behind our ability to fight new infections. However, epitope-specific B Cell memory is critical for the secondary immune response protecting against new infections. You are ready to integrate concepts. In this question, you will combine B Cell receptor diversity and cloning! Please answer each question in less than 150 characters (including spaces). 1.Can a mature B Cell produce an epitope-specific antibody first and then switch to make an antibody against a different epitope? Explain. 2.Please describe what is transferred into an egg during cloning by somatic nuclear cell transfer. 3.How many B Cell receptors/antibodies could be generated in a mouse cloned by somatic nuclear cell transfer from a mature B Cell (after recombination)?Somatic cells can display antigen [small peptides] and present them to the body’s immunesystem via their MHC/HLA receptor displays. Discuss the paths for MHC/HLA1 vs. MHC/HLA2display. How do these two paths fit into the health of the body, and the response of theimmune system to normal/disease/infection?