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- The trp operon is a repressible operon. A strain of e coli develops a mutation whereby the trp repressor protein can no longer bind to the operator. How will this effect the production of tryptophan producing enzymes? Will these bacteria be able to live in a tryptophan free media (bacteria food)?Which of the following is true about the Lac operon? Group of answer choices An operon with a constitutive operator (O^C mutation) will transcribe in the presence of a super repressor It is a positive repressible operon that is influenced mainly by fluctuations in glucose levels Produces a large quantity of tryptophan in order to synthesize lactase It is found in eukaryotes and is responsible for creating an enzyme that breaks down lactoseWhich of the following statements about the lactose operon in E. coli is TRUE? It contains the genes that encode the proteins for lactose metabolism. Its transcription is blocked when allolactose binds to the lac repressor. It contains a promoter, an operator and an attenuator. It is barely transcribed, when lactose is present in the medium and glucose is absent. It is transcribed at very high levels, when lactose is absent, and glucose is present.
- The tryptophan operon of E. coli represents an example of a gene regulatory system which is: a repressible system (normally turned on, but can be repressed) a repressible system (normally repressed, but can be turned on) an activator system (normally turned off, but can be activated) an activator system (normally activated, but can be turned off) all of the aboveThe tryptophan (trp) operon is a repressible system. This means the genes are normally expressed, but the presence of trp can repress the operon the genes are normally repressed the genes are normally expressed when trp is present the genes are normally repressed, but the presence of trp can activate the genesWhat are the effects of the following conditions on Lac operon of bacteria? Please do not forget to mention about the role of repressor, activator, RNA polymerase in each case. Glucose is absent and lactose is present Glucose is present and lactose is present Glucose is present and lactose is absent
- Regulation of the E. coli trp operon by attenuation requires the trp repressor protein. prevents transcription of the trp operon structural genes in response to high levels of charged tryptophan TRNAS. occurs because tryptophan binds to the trp repressor. prevents transcription of the trp operon structural genes in the presence of high levels of glucose.Which of the following statements about the tryptophan operon in E. coli is TRUE? Choose an answer below: It needs an inducer for gene expression. It contains the gene for lactose permease. It has no operator. Its whole regulation is based on attenuation. It contains a leader peptide upstream of the structural genes.Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements about quorum sensing is false? Autoinducer must bind to receptor to turn on transcription of genes responsible for the production of more autoinducer. The receptor stays in the bacterial cell but the autoinducer diffuses out. Autoinducer can only act on a different cell: it cannot act on the cell in which it is made. Autoinducer turns on genes that enable the bacteria to form a biofilm.
- Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?Match each of the following mechanisms with how it can change the levels of gene products--whether on different operons or within the same operon. Different promoters might have different DNA sequences Translation initiation sequences can cause different open reading 1. Differences in mRNA levels BETWEEN operons frames to be translated 2. Differences in protein levels WITHIN an operon differently. The secondary structures of MRNA can differ which can change the rate of degradation of transcripts.Describe the regulation of the lac operon when lactose is present and glucose is present Your Response must include the following terms, cAMP, inactive CAP, active CAP promoter, operator, RNA polymerase, CAP binding site
