A: Complex carbohydrates are broken down by carboxylases in both the mouth and the small intestine (True or False) B: Glycolysis requires the input of energy in order to release energy from glucose (True or False) C: Anorexic hormones signal the body that it is in a fed state (True or False) D: The dependence of hunger on the ratio between insulin and glucagon is an example of signal integration (True or False)
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Can you answer all the parts to following question, true or false:
Q31:
A: Complex carbohydrates are broken down by carboxylases in both the mouth and the small intestine (True or False)
B: Glycolysis requires the input of energy in order to release energy from glucose (True or False)
C: Anorexic hormones signal the body that it is in a fed state (True or False)
D: The dependence of hunger on the ratio between insulin and glucagon is an example of signal integration (True or False)
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- Can you answer all the parts to following question, true or false: Q23: A: The breakdown of a fatty acid produces more energy than the breakdown of glucose (True or False) B: Acetyl-CoA can be directly converted to pyruvate through the TCA (True or False) C: Glucagon stimulates the liver to store energy by performing glycolysis (True or False) D: The keto diet is dangerous due to the risk of developing ketoacidosis (True or False)During extended fasting (≥ 4 days), what is/are the purpose(s) of tissue protein breakdown? Circle ALL that apply. a. Dispose of excess nitrogen groups so ammonia doesn't accumulate b. Provide precursors to the Liver, Kidney, Sm. Intestine for gluconeogenesis c. Provide precursors to the liver for ketogenesis d. Provide energy to the skeletal muscles through Amino Acid oxidation e. Provide energy to the liver through Amino Acid oxidationWhich of the following are mechanisms that prevent the liver from using up glucose that is more urgently required by other tissues? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices Glucokinase (the liver's version of hexokinase) has a lower affinity for glucose than hexokinase does GLUT2 has a lower affinity for glucose than GLUT4 does The liver produces insulin when blood glucose levels are low The liver does not express a phosphofructokinase enzyme The liver increases glycolysis in response to glucagon
- Which of the following is TRUE regarding liver metabolism? Select three of the following: The liver (hepatocytes) has hundreds of functions, such as producing glucose, ketones, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins, and bile for the rest of the body. Hepatocytes have the GLUT2 antiporter, which allows for secondary active transport of glucose into the cells. Hepatocytes have glucokinase that continually makes glucose 6-phosphate, and it has a lower Km than other hexokinases so it continuously metabolizes glucose when concentrations are low. Glucose 6-phosphate is the "transfer station" in the liver since it can be made my multiple pathways and have multiple fates. The liver converts amino acids to citric acid cycle intermediates or pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. The liver oxidizes fatty acids into glucose, which can be sent to other cells and used for energy or converted into phospholipids and triacylglycerol.Vitamin D deficiency can often be found as a single nutrient deficiency, that is, in an otherwise well-nourished person. Which of the following is the most likely reason? Question 100 options: a) Most vitamin D in the body does not come from natural sources in food, so access to food is not an important determinant of vitamin D status b) The individual has decreased intrinsic factor in the stomach c) Diets containing sufficient nutrients to promote growth can increase the requirements for vitamin D d) The content of vitamin D in foods depends on the soil in which the food was grownIndicate whether the following metabolic processes primarily occur during the FED STATE or FASTED STATE. 1. Release of insulin 2. Release of glucagon 3. Glycolysis 4. Glycogenesis 5. Gluconeogenesis 6. Lipogenesis 7. Glycogenolysis 8. Lipolysis 9. Glucose release 10. Glucose uptake
- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is a) The presence of lipids in the diet slows down digestion in the b) Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the c) Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose d) Chylomicrons carry TAGs from the diet into the e) During fasting and starvation the liver produces ketone bodies which fuel the heart and f) The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for g) When glucose enters the cell it is immediately and reversibly h) Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate need for energy by muscle i) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose j) With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA]. k) Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing…Which of the following is a true statement? A.) the resting skeletal muscle mostly produces energy by aerobic respiration B.) the development of the adipose tissue is influenced by the level circulating fatty acids C.) adiponectin is the only adipokine that can prevent or mitigate the effects of type 2 diabetes D.) Ghrelin is the direct link between the emptiness of the stomach and the sensation of hunger E.) all of the aboveOn your way to class this morning, you stop at your favorite coffeehouse and grab a caffé mocha and a blueberry scone. The caffé mocha contains 260 Calories and the scone contains 460 Calories. (a) What fraction of your recommended daily caloric intake did you just consume? Use the estimated calorie requirements for your age and gender at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/healthy- weight-basics/balance.htm. (b) Convert the calories you consumed for breakfast into kilojoules.
- (a) Choose one water-soluble and one fat-soluble vitamin. Draw their structures. Give a reference daily intake for each, in milligrams or micrograms. Give at least one metabolic role for each. List the condition caused by a deficiency of each, or describe the effects of a deficiency of each. Give a good dietary source of each. (b) Choose oneBodybuilders have been known to inject insulin to increase muscle mass because it stimulates protein anabolism. What is one of the risks associated with this practice in terms of K+ levels: elevated blood plasma K+ (hyperkalemia) or decreased blood plasma K+ (hypokalemia)? Could the practice of injecting insulin to increase muscle mass be fatal?At Kate's next appointment, Paula showed Kate how to use a glucose meter. She instructed Kate to measure her blood glucose level twice a day before and after breakfast and dinner. Paula explains to Kate that her pre-meal blood glucose level should be 110 mg/dLmg/dL or less, and if it increases by more than 50 mg/dLmg/dL, she needs to lower the amount of carbohydrates she consumes. Kate and Paula proceed to plan several meals. Because a meal should contain about 45 to 60 gg of carbohydrates, they combined fruits and vegetables that have high and low levels of carbohydrates in the same meal to stay within the recommended range. Kate and Paula also discuss the fact that complex carbohydrates in the body take longer to break down into glucose and, therefore, raise the blood sugar level more gradually. Kate increased her exercise to walking 30 minutes twice a day. She began to change her diet by eating 6 small meals a day consisting of more fruits and vegetables without starch such as green…