8. In patients after prolonged hepatitis, the ALT and AST activities were measuredin the blood serum. What transaminase activity is inereased to a greater extent,and why? For the answer:a) explain the meaning of the enzyme diagnostics;b) draw the scheme of reactions catalyzed by ALT and AST;c) point out coenzyme of these reactions; describe vitamin from which thiscocnzyme is derived;d) describe the biological importance of this type of reactions in amino acidmetabolism;e) specify the demands which are claimed to enzymes been used in enzymediagnostics.

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Answered: 8. In patients after prolonged…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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6. In an experiment, students used liver tissuc samples to study the cthanol metabolism and the possibility of ethanol conversion into glucose. The ethanol introduction in the investigated medium didn't lead to glucose level increase. Why is it impossible to convert ethanol to glucose? For the answer: a) provide a scheme of gluconcogenesis, indicate the substrates of this process; b) write the reaction of ethanol oxidation in the liver; c) explain whether it is possible to use the metabolites of ethanol catabolism for the glucose synthesis.
7. To improve the digestion of food proteins in chronic inflammatory-dystrophic disorders of the pancreatic gland, stomach or intestine patients are prescribed mezym forte (pancreatin) containing pancreatic enzymes. What is the remedial mechanism of this drug? For the answer: a) enumerate enzymes digesting proteins in the gastrointestinal tract; b) specify the mechanism of proteolytic enzyme activation; c) draw the schemes of these enzymes activation, point out the activators; d) explain the specificity of proteases; e) describe the consequences of these enzymes activation in the tissue of pancreas.
Serum blood of a patient with dislipoproteinemia type 1 has milky appearance even in fasting. If serum stays at low temperature (40) for several hours fatty layer appears on its surface. What are the possible causes of these symptoms? To explain this, answer the questions and do the following tasks: a) what compounds of serum must be tested for that patient in biochemical lab? b) write the reaction which does not occur properly in patient’s blood; c) write down the schemes, explaining how the products of the previous reaction are used in adipose tissue and heart in healthy person 2 hours after a meal.
Vitamin K questionsa) What transformation of glutamate side chains is Vitamin K (as its reduced form, VitaminKH2) involved in, and what is the relevance of this reaction to blood clotting?b) How does the blood thinner Coumadin (warfarin) prevent clotting?c) How can the dietary intake of large amounts of green vegetables, such as broccoli or kaleinterfere with the action of Coumadin?
Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in the blood. What is the effect of each of the following treatments on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in vitro and how do these changes impact the T state vs. R state of the enzyme? A) Decrease in pH from 7.4 to 7.2. B) Increase in 2,3-BPG concentration.
1. TRUE OR FALSE a) Higher Rf value will be obtained from dextrin than that of glucose in a reverse-phase TLC. b) Salivary amylase is used to hydrolyzed α(1à4) glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates.
Why is it important to be knowledgeable about the benefits of taking vitamins in our body and the dosage recommended to intake? How precursor related to the vitamins(long explanation pls) Why is it significant to determine the importance of dietary supplements, including their active agent, and to know if it is necessary or not? (long explanation pls) kindly answer :)) thank you so much!
(c) Discuss the mechanism of action of the enzyme chymotrypsin.
B) Read the situations below and indicate which of the four methods of enzyme regulation is occurring for each. a) The energy-carrying molecule ATP is made by the enzyme ATP synthase. Muscle cells use a lot of energy and also have higher amounts of the ATP synthase enzyme than many ouier cem types. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: /1 b) Prostaglandins are messenger molecules involved in the inflammatory response, as well as th perception of pain. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates by an enzyn called cyclo-oxygenase. "Ibuprofen" is the active ingredient in a variety of anti-inflammatory medications such as Motrin® and Advil®. It reduces pain and swelling by binding to a hydrophobic channel in the active site of cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the polyunsaturated fatty acids from binding to the enzyme, and therefore stopping production of prostaglandins. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: a) In point form, describe the steps by which ATP is produced…
Choose which enzyme is likely deficient based on the symptoms described below: Elevated blood lactate, alanine and pyruvate a) lactate dehydrogenase d) citrate synthase c) pyruvate dehydrogenase d) pyruvate kinase
From the three figures below, indicate which represents best the catalytic pocket of trypsin, a serine protease, secreted by acinar pancreatic cells. C) A) A. Figure A. B.Figure B. ⒸC. Figure C. Asp 189 B) Asp 189 Val 190 Val 216 work of Val 216 Val 190
In the liver, what is the major regulation that dictates fate of pyruvate vs lactate? (This can tie into reading assignment!) a) Activation of MCT1 to transport lactate out of cell b) Activation of pyruvate carboxylase and conc dictating use of lactate dehydrogenase, inhibition of PDHC c) Activation of lactate dehydrogen, inactivation of pyruvate carboxylasease and PDHC d) Activation of lactate dehydrogenase and MCT1 (transporter)

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