8. In patients after prolonged hepatitis, the ALT and AST activities were measuredin the blood serum. What transaminase activity is inereased to a greater extent,and why? For the answer:a) explain the meaning of the enzyme diagnostics;b) draw the scheme of reactions catalyzed by ALT and AST;c) point out coenzyme of these reactions; describe vitamin from which thiscocnzyme is derived;d) describe the biological importance of this type of reactions in amino acidmetabolism;e) specify the demands which are claimed to enzymes been used in enzymediagnostics.

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Answered: 8. In patients after prolonged…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Explain how plasma levels of liver transaminases can be useful for evaluating and diagnosing disease. Include the terms: De Ritis ratio, cholestasis, extrahepatic injury, AST, ALT in your answer.
Which of the following will decrease the level of uric acid in the body? O Decrease optimal concentration of xanthine oxidase inhibitor O Lower deaminase action O Higher purine phosphorylase activity
Is human salivary alpha amylase under covalent modification.?
Explain this table (shown in picture) from a study with the help of the information below and additional information from the article (shown in picture): Primary liver cancer is one of the most prevalent life- threating diseases in China, and liver resection is the major therapy for this malignancy. Recently, various methods have been advocated perioperatively to maintain liver function and promote liver regener- ation after liver resections. These include systemic interventions such as antibiotics in perioperative period and methods to improve general health and the immunity of the individual such as prebiotics and probiotics. Among them, nutritional support is also a vital approach to protect liver function. It has been demonstrated that a good preoperative nutri- tional status could reduce the postoperative morbidity or mortality and consequently the costs of care after surgery. Moreover, malnutrition is frequent in patients suffering from malignant liver disease. Optimization of…
1. Pepsinogen (an inactive form of the enzyme) that forms in the main cells of the stomach has a molecular weight of 42,000 D. In the gastric juice, the pepsinogen turns into the active enzyme pepsin, while its molecular weight decreases to 35,000 D. Explain the mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity. To do this: a) draw a scheme for regulating the activation of pepsin; b) name the class of the enzyme that converts pepsinogen to pepsin; c) indicate which levels of protein structural organization change when pepsin is activated.
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During extended fasting (≥ 4 days), what is/are the purpose(s) of tissue protein breakdown? Circle ALL that apply. a. Dispose of excess nitrogen groups so ammonia doesn't accumulate b. Provide precursors to the Liver, Kidney, Sm. Intestine for gluconeogenesis c. Provide precursors to the liver for ketogenesis d. Provide energy to the skeletal muscles through Amino Acid oxidation e. Provide energy to the liver through Amino Acid oxidation
Match the water soluble vitamin with its main function. coenzyme specifically with tryptophan metabolism, hemoglobin Choose... DNA, RNA, cell division Choose... thiamin, riboflavin, niacin vitamin C antioxidant, collagen synthesis, redox B12 Folate coenzyme B6 Choose... DNA, RNA, methionine metabolism >
Glycogen is the major animal storage polysaccharide, and is a polymer of glucose. a) List ALL the biochemical steps involved in storing GLUCOSE as glycogen b) Give NAME/S of the ENZYMES involved in EACH listed step c) What PULLS the reaction forward? d) Give the NAME of the tissue where these steps occur. (HINT: remember glycogen is branched chain).
B. Consider the following types of cells and their respective conditions: i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen iii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* * Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration components In these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharide lactose (which will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose). Net ATP from glycolysis b. ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable) c. ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable) d. Total net ATP
96. Which one of the following is the correet match of the site of the action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product ? (1) Duodenum:Triglycerides Tryp sin Fatty acid (2) Small intestine:→protein Pepsin Amino acid (3) Stomach:→Nucleic acid Nuclease nucleotide (4) Ileum:→Dipeptides Dipeptidase Amino acid
7. To improve the digestion of food proteins in chronic inflammatory-dystrophic disorders of the pancreatic gland, stomach or intestine patients are prescribed mezym forte (pancreatin) containing pancreatic enzymes. What is the remedial mechanism of this drug? For the answer: a) enumerate enzymes digesting proteins in the gastrointestinal tract; b) specify the mechanism of proteolytic enzyme activation; c) draw the schemes of these enzymes activation, point out the activators; d) explain the specificity of proteases; e) describe the consequences of these enzymes activation in the tissue of pancreas.

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