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- The two complementary strands of the DNA double helix are held to each other by (a) ionic bonds between deoxyribose molecules (b) ionic bonds between phosphate groups (c) covalent bonds between nucleotide bases (d) covalent bonds between deoxyribose molecules (e) hydrogen bonds between nucleotide basesWhich is not a nucleotide base in DNA? a. adenine b. guanine c. glutamine d. thymine e. cytosine f. All are in DNA.Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results in the insertion of three nucleotides is often less deleterious than a mutation that results in the insertion of one nucleotide. Why?
- DNA double helix does not have which of the following? antiparallel configuration complementary base pairing major and minor grooves uracil8. Which of the following diagrams best illustrates a DNA molecule? R R CH2 O H,N-C-C-N-C-C -N-C-C CH2 O H CH, O H H3C CH3 H H. H нн CH3 Peptide Bonds- HO, GC HC3» NH )=P-O– CH2 O. H Nitrogenous base Phosphate (thymine) group ОН Sugar5. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below were obtained from four different individuals, one wild type and three mutants. Wild Type 5'-TTATCCATGATCGGATCGATCCATTAGCCGA-3' 3'-AATAGGTACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTAATCGGCT-5’ Mutant I 5'-ATCCATGATCGGATTGATCCATTAGCCGAAT-3’ 3'-TAGGTACTAGCCTAACTAGGTAATCGGCTTA-5’ Mutant II 5'-CCGTTATCCATGATCGGATAGATCCATTAGCC-3’ 3'-GGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTATCTAGGTAATCGG-5’ Mutant III 5'-CACCGTTATCCATGATCGGAACGATCCATTAGC-3’ 3'-CAGGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTAATCG-5’ a) Identify the open reading frames in each sequence of DNA and translate them into proteins. Write down the sequence of amino acids that will be obtained after translation: b) Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein? Why? c) Which of the mutations above would probably cause a major disruption in the function of the protein? Why?
- 1. Below is an amino acid sequence for the following strand of DNA:A G C A A T C C G T C T T G GT C G T T A G G C A G A A C CThat strand has mutated. It is nowA G C A A C C C G T C T T G GT C G T T G G G C A G A A C CUse your knowledge of mutation and protein synthesis to answer the following questions.What mutation has occurred? A. point mutation B. movement of large section of chromosome C. duplication of entire chromosome D. genetic recombination 2. Will this mutation have a real effect? Why or why not?17. Mutation can be caused by the alternative base pairing that arise due to tautomerization and deamination of cysteine and adenine. Draw the alternative base pairing. The thymine dimers can be formed by UV radiation. Alternate base pairing with enol tautomer of T Alternate base pair with deaminated A Thymine dimers due to UV radn (draw structure below) repaired by the enzyme Methylated cytosine and adenine in mismatch repair13. a. Draw in the corresponding DNA nucleotide that would base pair with the adenine nucleotide shown below using the same level of detail as provided in the image below. Hint: Remember that DNA bases pair in the antiparallel orientation. орасна you A OH H b. How do you know the adenine nucleotide drawn above is from DNA and not RNA?
- 1. Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-C–5. Create the complimentary strand for the DNA strand below. Make sure to label the parts and direction of the strand. 5'-GGCAACGGTCCAGTCCAAGTTACG-3' 6. What are the amino acids coded for by this sequence of nucleotides: ATG GGA ACT CCA 7. What is the complementary messenger-RNA sequence for the DNA sequence shown below? ATC GGA CCG ATT GCC1. Name and write the structures of the purine and pyrimidine bases present in DNA. Purine Pyrimidine