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Q: 2. How does Meiosis work?
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Q: 1. (a). Describe FIVE (5) phases of mitosis.
A: following i will be discussing five phases of mitosis:- Cell division is the process of forming new…
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Q: 1. Describe the cell cycle. Why do cells divide? Why are the resulting daughter cells from Mitosis…
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- Biologists have long been interested in the effects of radiation on cells. In one experiment, researchers examined the effect of radium on mitosis of chick embryo cells growing in culture. A population of experimental cells was examined under the microscope for the number of cells in telophase (as a measure of mitosis occurring) before, during, and after exposure to radium. The results are shown in the Figure. What is the effect of radium exposure on mitosis? Source: R. G. Canti and M. Donaldson. 1926. The effect of radium on mitosis in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 100:413419.Instructions Match the letters that describe the process with the numbers in the Venn Diagram. Each letter and number is only used once. A. Uses a spindle B. Sisters separate C. Homologs separate D. Sister chromatids that are non identical are present E. All genetic information in present at metaphase F. In a human, an odd number of chromosomes is present at metaphase G. Used in growth and repair of damaged tissues Mitosis 5 1 3 4 Meiosis 2 7 2 Meiosis 1 6Passage of cells from G1 through R to S depends on the interaction of various signal molecules, proteins and enzymes which regulate the cell cycle. Imagine I have just induced a mutation in a cell line which prevents the breakdown of the cyclin molecule we discussed. Which of the following events do you predict will happen? circle all that apply Select one or more: a. Uncontrolled cell replication may result b. Retinoblastoma protein will be continuously active c. The cells will be stuck in G1 phase d. The cells will begin to replicate their DNA e. Cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) will be continuously active
- Looking at the the time intervals in the figure given, compare the time spent in mitosis with the time spent in gap1 in human liver cells. A. less time is spent in G1 than in M B. a little more time is spent in G1 than in M C. The cell spends 10 hours less in G1 than it does in M D. The cell spends 10 hours more in G1 than it does in MWhen regulating the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells, a critical protein we discussed was cyclin. Cyclin is Select one: a. Always present in all stages of the cell cycle, but only active during the G1 - R transition b. Produced in response to signals for the cell to divide c. Produced only when retinoblastoma protein is inactivated d. Produced in response to the presence of cyclin-dependent kinaseIn multicellular organisms, nondividing cells stay in G0 phase. For the cell, why is it better to be held in G₁ rather than S, G₂ or M phase? A. G₁ cells are larger and more likely to perform the normal functions of the cell. B. G₁ cells have not replicated their DNA in preparation for division. C. G₁ cells are the only ones that do not have their chromatin in a highly condensed state. D. MPF is required to enter S phase, so the cell is committed to entering M phase if the cycle moves beyond G₁. How many does the chromosome number of the species A. Is equal to the diploid chromosome number. B. Refers to the chromosome number of the somatic cell. C. Is a constant number for the organisms of the species generation after generations. D. All of the above. Which statement about the daughter cells following mitosis and cytokinesis is correct? A. They are genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. B. They are genetically identical with each other and with the parent…
- What celluar events/processes are associated with G1,S,G2,and M phases of the cell cycle? With the phases of mitosis? Some example: A. DNA replication B. Beginning of mitosis C. Normal cell growth and function D. Breaksdown of nuclear membrane E.Separation of sister chromatids F.Alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell H.Triggering the compaction and condensation of chromosomes I. Attachment of microtubles to kinetochoresVinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to Select one: a. inhibition of DNA synthesis. O b. myosin denaturation and inhibition of cleavage furrow formation. c. suppression of cyclin production. Od. inhibition of regulatory protein phosphorylation. O e. disruption of mitotic spindle formation. Next pageThe diagram below shows a model for the normal regulation of the transition to anaphase during mitosis. 1. Signals are released by unattached kinetochores that cause MAD to bind CDC20. MAD CDC20 6. Chromatids separate as mitosis procoeds to anaphase. COHESIN 3. The APCCDC20 CDC20 complex ubiquinates Securin. APC 2. When all kinetochores are attached, MAD releases CDC20 which then combines with APC UBIQUITIN SEPARASE . Separase destroys Cohesin APC SEPARASE SECURIN 4. Securin is destroyed, releasing Separase Your analyses of cancer cells that do not regulate this transition normally indicate that: MAD is binding to CDC20; • Ubiquitin is not attached to securin; • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Which of the following explanations could account for all of your observations? a. The cell has an alteration in MAD that prevents it from releasing CDC20 when the 'unattached kinetochore' signal stops. O b. More than one of the other answer choices are correct.…
- Which of the following statements is true about NHEJ (Non-Homologous End Joining) repair? a. This is the optimal mechanism to repair broken chromosomes during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. b. NHEJ is mutagenic c. This mechanism requires Holliday junction resolvases d. Both a. and c. are trueOne difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells a. are always in the M phase b. are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle c. are unable to synthesize DNA d. continue to divide even when they are tightly packed togetherWhich of the following is true of normal adult cells but NOT cancer cells? A. Cell death after a finite number of cell divisions B. Contact with other cells increases likelihood of division C. Large amount of telomerase present D. Do not care about cell density while culture