2. Oncologists often prescribe several different chemotherapy drugs in combination.The idea is that tumor cells are less likely to escape the toxicity if they are beinghit from several directions at once, and they also might be less likely to developresistance to the drugs. Imagine you are an oncologist planning to treat a cancerpatient with Vincristine, and you want to prescribe a second drug that will target adifferent aspect of the cell cycle. Which drug would you pick, and why?3. Phalloidin is a mushroom-derived toxin that prevents the depolymerization ofactin. It is currently primarily used in microscopy to label the actin in cells forbiomedical research. However, imagine that Phalloidin was developed into achemotherapy drug. What stage of the mitotic (M) phase would be targeted byPhalloidin, and why? (HINT: What stage might involve cycles of actinpolymerization and depolymerization?) Fighting Cancer by Disrupting MitosisScientists have identified a number of toxins that disruptmitosis. These toxins can be used in many different ways –some of them are used during scientific research to arrestthe cell cycle at specific points so that the cells can bestudied. Others have clinical applications aschemotherapeutic drugs that are useful in the treatment ofcancer, as well as other types of disease.Study the list of toxins below, and use the informationprovided and your understanding of mitosis to answer thequestions below.Note: some of these drugs are currently approved forclinical use, while others are still in development. For thepurposes of this exercise, assume that all of them areavailable for use.DrugHow it affects mitosisStatus of drugVincristine Prevents polymerization of tubulinApprovedPaclitaxelPrevents depolymerization of tubulin and canresult in multipolar spindle formationApprovedFlavopiridol Blocks Cdk-1. Cdk-1 is a kinase that helps theIn clinical trialscell proceed past the G, checkpoint by triggeringnuclear envelope breakdown. It also is involvedin spindle assembly and centrosome separation.In clinical trialsMonastrol Inhibits Eg5, a motor protein needed forcentrosome separation and involved in theformation and maintenance of the mitoticspindle apparatus.proTAME Prevents activation of Anaphase-PromotingPreclinicalComplex (APC). APC activates an enzymecalled separase. Separase cleaves the cohesinsholding the sister chromatids together.

Chemotherapy drugs work by targetting the growing cancer cells at different phases of cell cycle.

2. Oncologists often prescribe several different chemotherapy drugs in combination. The idea is that tumor cells are less likely to escape the toxicity if they are being hit from several directions at once, and they also might be less likely to develop resistance to the drugs. Imagine you are an oncologist planning to treat a cancer patient with Vincristine, and you want to prescribe a second drug that will target a different aspect of the cell cycle. Which drug would you pick, and why? Phalloidin is a mushroom-derived toxin that prevents the depolymerization of actin. It is currently primarily used in microscopy to label the actin in cells for biomedical research. However, imagine that Phalloidin was developed into a chemotherapy drug. What stage of the mitotic (M) phase would be targeted by Phalloidin, and why? (HINT: What stage might involve cycles of actin polymerization and depolymerization?)

2. Oncologists often prescribe several different chemotherapy drugs in combination. The idea is that tumor cells are less likely to escape the toxicity if they are being hit from several directions at once, and they also might be less likely to develop resistance to the drugs. Imagine you are an oncologist planning to treat a cancer patient with Vincristine, and you want to prescribe a second drug that will target a different aspect of the cell cycle. Which drug would you pick, and why? Phalloidin is a mushroom-derived toxin that prevents the depolymerization of actin. It is currently primarily used in microscopy to label the actin in cells for biomedical research. However, imagine that Phalloidin was developed into a chemotherapy drug. What stage of the mitotic (M) phase would be targeted by Phalloidin, and why? (HINT: What stage might involve cycles of actin polymerization and depolymerization?)

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter1: Introduction To Physiology And Homeostasis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6RE: Cell specializations are usually a modification or elaboration of one of the basic cell functions....

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