2. What molecule does not bind to hemoglobin? O (a) Carbon monoxide (CO) O (b) 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) (c) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (d) Carbon dioxide (CO₂) O (e) Oxygen (O₂)
Q: 3. Researchers purified a new enzyme and during an initial characterization determined the Vmax to…
A: Enzyme inhibition is when an inhibitor bind to the enzyme at the active site or another site, which…
Q: 2. Using your notes on the citric acid cycle, What is the name of the enzyme that does the…
A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by the oxidation…
Q: When looking at a double helix what are the names of the different grouves?
A: Double helix is a structure in which two helical structures are wind over each other. For examples,…
Q: The following carbohydrate is classified as a(n): CH2OHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHOHCHO O ketohexose O…
A: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. They are classified into two based on the functional…
Q: Substrate phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid. (TCA)
A: Cellular respiration is the process how biochemical energy is generated from food. It involves the…
Q: Saturated fatty acids are degraded by the stepwise reactions of oxidation, producing acetyl-CoA.…
A: Simple fats or triglycerides or triacylglycerides are categorized as storage lipids. Triglycerides…
Q: 1. Comparative characteristics of glycogen metabolism in muscles and liver.
A: Metabolism is consist of both catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (synthesis) processes. Glycogen is…
Q: Why doesn't the net reaction for the citric acid cycle have intermediates (citrate, isocitrate,…
A: The acetyl CoA molecules produced through carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism undergo…
Q: C.Why does 500 mM imidazole result in the elution of a protein with a 6X-His tag?
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are bound together by peptide linkage. Amino acids…
Q: Which of the following allow for the transport of protons into the mitochondrial matrix? a) Pyruvate…
A: Transmembrane proteins are a class of proteins that pass the entire length of the lipid bilayer.…
Q: Choose the statements that describe why the isomerization reaction is critical for the subsequent…
A: Glycolysis is the collection of 10 enzymatically catalysed reactions that sequentially oxidises a 1…
Q: I. Essay: Explain the following question with the use of illustrations. Briefly describe them with…
A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts…
Q: Which major biosynthetic pathways utilize PRPP? de novo purine synthesis lysine biosynthesis…
A: INTRODUCTION: De novo purine synthesis- it is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple…
Q: 1 ).Which of the following accurately describes substrate specificity for serine proteases? A.The…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group attached to…
Q: Calculate protein concentration in unknown samples 1, 2, 3: Absorbance of Unknown 1 = 0.541…
A: Given that the standard BSA concentration is 1mg/mL. 10, 20, 30 ,40 and 50 µL of the standard BSA…
Q: Which enzyme activity would be inhibited if fluorodeoxyuridine-5 monophosphate is present?…
A: The compound fluorodeoxyuridine 5’-monophosphate (FdUMP) is a compound that has similar structure to…
Q: 7. WHAT IS A PHOSPHODIESTER BOND? WHERE CAN IT BE FOUND? 8. GIVE AT LEAST 10 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS THAT…
A: Biomolecules are composed of monomeric units that are joined together through specific bonds.…
Q: 1. Explain why lipids are insoluble in polar solvents. 2. How do oils and fats differ?
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…
Q: Which of the following first messengers is hydrophobic and binds to a nuclear receptor protein…
A: The first messengers are extracellular biomolecules that bind to the cellular receptor and elicit a…
Q: Aerobic glycolysis can produce ATP at a much faster rate than anaerobic oxidative phosphorylation.…
A: Pyruvate has a distinct outcome in anaerobic environments. Pyruvate is changed into lactate by the…
Q: could the answer be no cooperativity as well?
A: Cooperative binding is a phenomenon where the binding of one molecule increases the affinity of the…
Q: Explain the regulation of biochemical pathways. Describe the regulation of β-oxidation. Describe the…
A: Beta oxidation is the catabolic pathway of degradation of fatty acids to release energy. Urea cycle…
Q: What is the actual change in free energy at 37°C for the phosphoglycerate mutase reaction converting…
A: Phosphoglycerate Mutase: Phosphoglycerate Mutase is an enzyme involved in the glycolytic process.…
Q: What explains the side effect of "acetone-breath" on dieters following a low carbohydrate diet? O…
A: Ketone bodies refers to the following compounds: acetone, acetoacetate & β-hydroxybutyrate. They…
Q: 4. In the space below provide a mechanism for this reaction that proceeds through the intermediate…
A: Glycolysis is the process by which one molecule of 6-carbon glucose is broken down into 2 molecules…
Q: Chemicals such as cyanide and carbon monoxide can be deadly. This is because they directly inhibit:…
A: CO is a colorless, odorless gas that is formed by incomplete combustion of carbon compounds. CO…
Q: Give an overview of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, and discuss the nature of the TNF ligand…
A: TNF signaling is an apoptotic signaling pathway that causes programmed cell death due to external…
Q: After 7 rounds of b-oxidation completely converts fluorooleate into acetyl-CoA, draw the molecule…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…
Q: What amino acids are possibly present in each sample tests? Explain why.
A: Proteins are folded peptides. Peptides are made up of amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond.…
Q: Given: Beer-Lambert Law A = Ecl E = 8000 for Met myoglobin E= 14,000 for oxy-myoglobin l=1 cm…
A: According to Beer-Lambert law the concentration of the sample is directly proportional to the…
Q: a) What amino acid is metabolite 1? b) What kind of reaction occurs when 1 is converted to 2? c)…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group attached to…
Q: 5. Arrange the following fatty acids in order from lowest melting point to highest: myristic acid,…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…
Q: Which of the following monosaccharide phosphates is NOT produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?…
A: In animal tissues, glucose has two possible fates: be oxidised into carbon dioxide and water by…
Q: The last residue of the protein (tail) is Tryptophan, and the first residue (head) is labeled with…
A: Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) or simply RET is a technique used to calculate the…
Q: How do enzymes typically relate to the manipulated variables? our manipulated variables were…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…
Q: Fill out the last column of this table: Component 1X concentration 20X (Provide unit)
A: The dilution factor tells us how much of the original stock solution is present in the final…
Q: 2. The mechanism of HMG-CoA reducatse enzyme activity involves several stages. For the catalytic…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: Why do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases need ATP? to prevent the 2'OH from being aminoacylated O to…
A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic information is stored in the DNA. The genetic…
Q: Fill up the table below to summarize the confirmatory test for casein and whey. Test Sample…
A: Casein and whey are the 2 important classes of proteins in milk. The human milk composition is…
Q: The eukaryotic mature mRNA sequence will be translated into a polypeptide that is _____ amino acids…
A: The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA, RNA to protein synthesis is called central dogma.…
Q: Mechanism of action of electron transport inhibitors. Amital.
A: INTRODUCTION : First of all, there is no electron transport inhibitor called Amital, it is a wrong…
Q: A pentapeptide has the abbreviation "GREAT". Draw the peptide and give its systematic name.
A: Peptides are short sequences of amino acids. Amino acids in a peptide are joined together through…
Q: ATP is a source of free energy that drives unfavorable reactions. Which of the processes are coupled…
A: The free energy changes in chemical reactions are denoted by ΔG. ∆G = ∆H − T∆S where ∆H is the…
Q: Provide the name of the following nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base.
A: DNA/RNA are nucleic acids, the molecules responsible for carrying genetic information from one…
Q: Which of the following is true of the molecule below?
A: DNA/RNA are nucleic acids, the molecules responsible for carrying genetic information from one…
Q: Prepare 1.5L 2X Base stock in a media bottle: Fill out the last column of this table: Component…
A: A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of acids or bases. Buffers…
Q: d. What type of inhibition is exhibited against NAD* as a cofactor? Describe what is going on in…
A: Any parameter of enzyme catalyzed reaction such as Vmax and Km can be obtained from Lineweaver Bur…
Q: Xylulose and ribulose are epimer pairs. Please explain why and how to identify epimer pairs
A: Epimers are the simple Sugars that differ in a single chiral centre or in the arrangement of OH…
Q: Which of the following results are most likely to be observed in liver enzymes following initiation…
A: When subjected to a prolonged period of starvation, the level of glucose in the blood falls. This…
Q: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. The standard free…
A: The standard free energy change (∆Gº') is the amount of energy released in of biochemical reaction…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 7. All the following increase the rate of diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane EXCEPT: (a) Surface area of respiratory membrane (b) Pressure gradient across the membrane (c) Thickness of the membrane (d) Temperature 8. All the following increase cause shift of O2 - HB dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT: (a) Increase temperature (b) Increase CO2 (c) Increase pH (d) Increase 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 9. The powerful phagocytic blood cell is: (a) Eosinophil (b) Neutrophil (c) Lymphocyte (d) Monocyte 10. The pacemaker of the heart is: (a) The atrioventricular node (b) The sinoatrial node (c) The atrioventricular bundle (d) The bundle branches 11. Contractility of the heart is increased by: (a) Exercise (b) Parasympathetic stimulation (c) Bleeding (d) Heart failure 12. P-wave in electrocardiogram (ECG) means: (a) Ventricular contraction (b) Atrial contraction (c) Ventricular relaxation (d) Atrial relaxation 13. Which gastric gland secretes pepsinogen? (a) Mucus…7. Draw a diagram of the heme complexes in deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin (complete porphyrin structures are not required, but show all iron coordination positions).73) The Haldane Effect says that it is easier for CO2 to bind to hemoglobin once oxygen has dissociated from the heme group. Group of answer choices True False 74) In the homeostatic regulation of blood oxygen levels, the central processor is the ________. Group of answer choices Blood Oxygen Levels CO2 Receptors Kidney Red Bone Marrow Lungs 75) Boyle’s Law states that there is a directly proportional relationship between the volume of a container and the pressure within that container. Group of answer choices False True 76) All Red Blood Cells are replenished at the same time. Group of answer choices True False
- 10) The heme group in myoglobin has a lower affinity for carbon monoxide as compared to free heme. What statement below best explains this observation? a) Myoglobin lowers the pH around the heme group. b) Myoglobin has negatively charged groups around the heme group. c) Heme is buried in the core of myoglobin making the heme inaccessible. d) Steric hindrance around the heme group caused by R groups in myoglobin. e) The iron ion of free heme is replaced with a copper ion in myoglobin.Both 1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in leg muscles increases after vigorous exercise activity. Which of the following regulatory actions will occur to correct the above situation? Select one: a) Arteries in the leg muscle constrict b) Chemoreceptors in the respiratory and cardiovascular centres in the brain are stimulated. c) Sole is respiring d) The rate of heartbeat decreases 2. Which of the followingstatement is FALSE about myoglobin? Select one: a) Oxygen dissociation curve for myoglobin is non-sigmoidal b)It has only one hemocyanin for anaerobic respiration c) It has higher affinity for oxygen even at high partial pressure of carbon dioxide d)It can be found in the skeletal muscle tissued) Determine which statements apply to hemoglobin, myoglobin, or neither (you can write in the corresponding numbers for each statement, as appropriate) Hemoglobin Myoglobin Neither 1. Oxygen binds irreversibly to this molecule.2. This molecule has greater affinity for oxygen.3. The oxygen dissociation curve is sigmoidal in shape.4. Carbon monoxide binds at an allosteric site, lowering oxygen binding affinity.5. The binding pattern for this molecule is considered cooperative.6. This molecule delivers oxygen more efficiently to tissues.7. As oxygen binds to this molecule, the shape of the molecule changes, enhancing further oxygen binding.8. The oxygen dissociation curve is hyperbolic in shape.
- Which of the following does not happen at the O₂ binding site of hemoglobin (Hb)? 1) Movement of the metal co-factor II) Protonation of the proximal His III) The spin state change of the Fe2+ ion IV) Change of shape of the protoporphyrin IX ring OI ON O III Oll2. Calculate the average ml of oxygen molecules in 100 ml blood in the athletes at low altitude and then in athletes in high altitude while training at high altitude. Use the following information: 1.39 ml of oxygen per gram of hemoglobin. 3. Do athletes training at high altitudes have more or less oxygen molecules per ml of blood then athletes training at low altitudes? Explain why this difference gives athletes who train at high altitudes an advantage over athletes who train only at low altitudes.11. Which of the following statement is TRUE about oxygen transport? I. Oxygen diffuses down a pressure gradient from the lungs into the blood plasma to red blood cells binds to hemoglobin. II. Carbon dioxide diffuses down its partial pressure gradient from the tissues into the blood plasma and red blood cells to air in alveoli. 7% is dissolved plasma, 23% binds with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin and 70% is in bicarbonate form. IlII. Hemoglobin gives up its oxygen in tissues where partial pressure of oxygen is low, blood is warmer, partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher and pH is lower; these four conditions occur in tissues with high metabolisms. A. I but not II B. I and II only C. I and III only D. II and III only 12. Mario is a change smoker. One day, he suffered from difficult breathing immediately he went to the hospital for a check-up. The findings of the doctor for Mario's condition was emphysema. Is the doctor correct of his findings? A. No, because difficult…
- 3. Which of the following statements is correct of BOTH haemoglobin and myoglobin? A. Acidic conditions increase the affinity for oxygen. B. The iron atom of the heme prosthetic group is bound to nitrogen atoms at five of six coordination sites. C. Four oxygen molecules bind to each subunit. D. Quaternary structure is found in both haemoglobin and myoglobin. E. Both haemoglobin and myoglobin show the same oxygen binding affinity at different oxygen partial pressures. 4. The Shine Dalgarno sequence is A. located in the 50S subunit of ribosome. B. located on the 16S 1RNA component of the 30S subunit of ribosome. C. a sequence upstream of the AUG initiation codon on mRNA. D. a DNA consensus sequence in the promoter region of a gene. E. a signal for transcription termination. 5. Which of the following molecules has RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity? A. DNA polymerase I B. DNA polymerase III C. RNA polymerase D. Ligase E. Telomerase 6. Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands…Which of the following statements about the I state of hemoglobin is FALSE? a, iron ion is pulled to the plane of the heme ring b. stabilized by ion pairing at the dimers interface c. 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate shifts the RT equilibrium towards the T state O d. tense state of hemoglobin3. When muscles are more active physiological conditions change to affect oxygen binding to Hemoglobin. Briefly describe the changes that occur and why this affects hemoglobin function. Draw the shifted curve on the graph above. A. What physiological conditions change during exercise (levels of what molecules are increasing/decreasing)? B. How do these molecules directly affect Hb’s structure ? What interactions does this stabilize ? C. How do these interactions affect the affinity of Hb for O2? How would this affect the binding curve for Hb? Draw on the graph provided. D. How will this shift in the binding curve affect the function of Hemoglobin ? E.Where does the physiological pO2 in the tissues fall on the O2 binding curve ? In the lungs ? Why is this physiologically important?
