2. Among Death Valley mice, the dark allele (D) is dominant over the light allele (d). During a recent student field trip, the following mice were captured: Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, calculate the following. A. The frequency of mice that express the recessive trait and are therefore homozygous recessive (dd). This is the q? value. B. The frequency of recessive alleles (d) in the population. This is the q value. C. The frequency of dominant alleles (D) in the population. This is the p value.
2. Among Death Valley mice, the dark allele (D) is dominant over the light allele (d). During a recent student field trip, the following mice were captured: Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, calculate the following. A. The frequency of mice that express the recessive trait and are therefore homozygous recessive (dd). This is the q? value. B. The frequency of recessive alleles (d) in the population. This is the q value. C. The frequency of dominant alleles (D) in the population. This is the p value.
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Concept explainers
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:p? + 2pq + q? = 1 (to determine the genotype frequencies)
and
p+q =1 (to determine the allele frequencies)
p = frequency of the dominant allele in the population
q = frequency of the recessive allele in the population
p = percentage of homozygous dominant individuals
q?:
= percentage of homozygous recessive individuals
2pq = percentage of heterozygous individuals
Homework Problems
For these problems you will need to use a calculator and can round
for the percentages.
the nearest who number
Example problem: You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of
the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Using that 36%, calculate the following:
A. The frequency of the "aa"
genotype. Answer: 36% (given)
B. The frequency of the "a" allele. Answer: The frequency of aa is 36%, which means that
q? = 0.36. If q? = 0.36, then q = 0.6, because 0.62 is equal to 0.36. Since q equals the
frequency of the a allele, then the frequency is 60%.
C. The frequency of the "A" allele. Answer: Since q = 0.6, and p +q = 1, then p = 0.4; the
frequency of A is by definition equal to p, so the answer is 40%.
D. The frequencies of the genotypes "AA" and "Aa." Answer: The frequency of AA is
equal to p?, and the frequency of Aa is equal to 2pq. So, using the information above,
the frequency of AA is 16% (i.e. p? is 0.4 x 0.4 = 0.16) and Aa is 48% (2pq = 2 x 0.4 x 0.6 =
0.48).
E. The frequencies of the two possible phenotypes if "A" is completely dominant over
"a." Answers: Because "A" is dominant over "a", the dominant phenotype will show if
either the homozygous "AA" or heterozygous "Aa" genotypes occur. The recessive
phenotype is only occurs if the genotype is homozygous "aa." Therefore, the frequency
of the dominant phenotype equals the sum of the frequencies of AA and Aa, and the
recessive phenotype is simply the frequency of aa. The dominant phenotype frequency,
then, is 64% (16% + 48%) and, in the first part of this question above, you have already
shown that the recessive phenotype frequency is 36%. 64% + 36% = 100% or .64 + .36 =
1.
Transcribed Image Text:2. Among Death Valley mice, the dark allele (D) is dominant over the light allele (d). During
a recent student field trip, the following mice were captured:
Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, calculate the following.
A. The frequency of mice that express the recessive trait and are therefore
homozygous recessive (dd). This is the q? value.
B. The frequency of recessive alleles (d) in the population. This is the q value.
C. The frequency of dominant alleles (D) in the population. This is the p value.
D. The percentage of mice that are homozygous dominant (DD). This is the p? value.
E. The percentage of mice in the population that are heterozygous (Dd). This is 2pq.
F. Suggest a reason for the number of d alleles in the population.
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