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- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Two of the steps in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (steps 4 and 5 in the figure) do not involve any of the three carbons of pyruvate, yet are essential to the operation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. CH3 Pyruvate Hydroxyethyl TPP 1 TPP TPP CHOH 1 CH3 2 Pyruvate dehydrogenase, E₁ CH3 SH Acetyl lipoyllysine 515 CoA-SH CH3- C-S-COA Acetyl-CoA Oxidized lipoyllysine. Reduced 3 lipoyllysine Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, E₂ Lys FAD -SH SH FADH₂ Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, E3 NADH + H+ NAD+What is the common end-product of the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids that are converted to succinyl CoA? alpha-ketoglutarate glyceraldehyde phosphate oxaloacetate . propionylCoA isovalerate
- In the presence of saturating amounts of oxaloacetate, the activity of citrate synthase from pig heart tissue shows a sigmoid dependence on the concentration of acetyl‑CoA. When succinyl‑CoA is added, the curve shifts to the right and the sigmoid dependence is more pronounced.In this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartateGlucagon secretion inhibits intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity through a number of different methods. Make a list of everything that comes to mind.
- B-oxidation of a 15:0 fatty acid will result in the production of O 7 acetyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH O 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 8 FADH2, and 8 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2, and 6 NADH(c) (1 ) Fluoroacetate, prepared commercially for rodent control, is also produced by a South Afri- can plant. After entering a cell, fluoroacetate is converted to fluoroacetyl-CoA in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetate thiokinase: F-CH2COO¯ + COA-SH + ATP F-CH2CO-SCOA + AMP + PPj The toxic effect of fluoroacetate was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the cit- ric acid cycle intermediates revealed that their concentrations were below normal, except for citrate, with a concentration 10-fold higher than normal. Where did the block in the citric acid cycle occur? What caused citrate to accumulate and the other cycle intermediates to be depleted? Explain. Why does it block the citric acid cycle? Fluoroacetyl-CoA is enzymatically transformed in the citric acid cycle.…The following reaction is a vitamin B12-dependent reaction that proceeds via a mechanism analogous to that of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase reaction. H Н4 H 1 H3N 2 H `H H HO b H H5 Identify which atoms in the product(s) correspond to the numbered atoms in the reactant. Atom a corresponds to atom Atom b corresponds to atom Atom c corresponds to atom
- Fill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid that is one of the components of vanilla, and whose formula is CH3(CH2)4COOH: First, the fatty acid is activated by attaching CoA, which costs ATP molecules. The fatty acid is then broken down through a beta-oxidation spiral, to make acetyl CoA molecules. This will require "turns" of the beta-oxidation process. Since each turn of the cycle yields ATP molecules, and each acetyl COA will yield ATP molecules by going through the rest of its metabolism, the net ATP molecules produced from one molecule of this fatty acid will beCompare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1.lysophosphatidylcholine vs. phosphatidylethanolamine 2.trimyristin vs. triolein. 3. ACP vs. carnitine-acyl transferase.Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OH