13. In humans one X chromosome is needed for viability however females have two. This is not a problem because: all the genes on X are also on Y all the genes on Y are also on X the extra X chromosome is largely inactivated there are very few genes on the X chromosome

13. In humans one X chromosome is needed for viability however females have two. This is not a problem because: all the genes on X are also on Y all the genes on Y are also on X the extra X chromosome is largely inactivated there are very few genes on the X chromosome

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter11: Meiosis: The Cellular Basis Of Sexual Reproduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYK: Discuss Concepts One of the human chromosome pairs carries a gene that influences eye color. In an...

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Question

13. In humans one X chromosome is needed for viability however females have two. This is not a problem because:

	all the genes on X are also on Y
	all the genes on Y are also on X
	the extra X chromosome is largely inactivated
	there are very few genes on the X chromosome

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Almost all calico cats (one is pictured in FIGURE 10.7B) are female. Why? B When this calico cat was an embryo, one of the two X chromosomes was inactivated in each of her cells. The descendants of the cells formed her adult body, which is a mosaic for expression of X chromosome genes. Black fur arises in patches where genes on the X chromosome inherited from one parent are expressed; orange fur arises in patches where genes on the X chromosome inherited from the other parent are expressed. FIGURE 10.7 Animated X chromosome inactivation.
2) In humans, one X chromosome in females is inactivated. Why does a female with one X chromosome show Turner syndrome? What is the difference between two X chromosomes with one X inactivated and one X chromosome in a female?
20. In epistasis, one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another. True False
Why do females not produce more protein encoded by genes on the X chromosome than males? One X chromosome is inactivated There are no proteins encoded by genes on the X chromosome They do produce more protein encoded by genes on the X chromosome The genes on the Y chromosome are the same as the ones on the X chromosome
6. There are two enzymes LDH1 and LDH2. The gene that encodes this enzyme is X-linked. You extract the enzyme from different cells in several people and carry out electrophoresis. Give the genotypes for each person Draw the banding pattern that you would expect in the gel. Male with Male with Female Female Heterozygous LDH1 gene homozygous female LDH2 homozygous for LDH2 for LDH1
8. While vermilion is X-linked and brightens the eye color, brown is an autosomal recessive mutation that darkens the eye. Flies carrying both mutations lose all pigmentation and are white-eyed. Predict the Fl and F2 results of the following crosses: a) vermilion females X brown males b) brown females X vermilion males
8. In alley cats, the coat color is determined by a gene carried on the X chromosome. Genotypes and color are as follows: b X² Females: xbx=yellow xBxb = calico XBXB = black Males: xby = yellow x³y = black A calico cat has a litter of eight kittens: one yellow male, two black males, two yellow females, and three calico females. What is the color of the father of the litter?
6. Hemophilia causes severe bleeding from minor wounds. The blood is unable to clot properly because one of the factors necessary for clotting is missing. Hemophilia is an inherited sex-linked recessive disorder transmitted on the X chromosome by mothers to their sons. i) A woman inherited the gene for hemophilia from her mother and marries a man who iş normal and has no hemophilia. What is the possibility that her children can have hemophilia?
6. A 12 year old girl has mental retardation, ataxia, and a history of seizures. She does not speak but engages in frequent and excessive laughter. Cytogenetic analysis shows a deletion involving 15[del(15)(q11;q13). Genetic analysis in this patients family and in several other families with same syndrome shows that affected family members uniformly inherit the chromosome 15 with deletion from their mothers(rather than from their fathers). Tjis phenomenon is best explained by which of the following mechanisms? (A) codominance (B) Fragile sites (C) Genomic imprinting (D) Mitochondrial inheritance (E) X-linked inheritance
10. A. In each human female cell, either the maternal or paternal X chromosomes is turned off by the activation of the XIST gene and by adding methyl groups to the chromosome. What do we call the inactivated X chromosome? B. How many Barr bodies does a normal male have? C. If a phenotypic male has a Barr body, then what does this tell you about his chromosomes? D. If a phenotypic female does not have a Barr body, then what does this tell you about her chromosomes? E. Barr bodies are formed during embryonic development when the human embryo is a small ball of cells. Once an X chromosome is turned off in a cell, every descendent of that cell will have the same X chromosome turned off. This results in human females being a mosaic of two kinds of cells. What does the word mosaic mean in this case?
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10. There are two allelic variants of IGF2. One is 40 kilodaltons (kD) and the second is 50 kD, and both are detectable in the blood. Fred and Mary both only express the 40 kD protein in their blood. They have two sons, Bob and Todd, who both only express the 40 kD protein too. Bob's daughter, Jill, expresses the 50 kD protein in her blood. What can you conclude from these data? a. Fred and Mary must both be heterozygous for the 50 kD / 40 kD variants. b. Fred must be heterozygous for 50 KD / 40 kD variants; Mary's second allele is unknown. c. Mary must be heterozygous for 50 kD / 40 kD variants; Fred may be homozygous for the 40 kD. d. Fred must be heterozygous for 50 kD / 40 kD variants; Mary must be homozygous for the 40 kD. e. Bob is not the biological father of Jill.