PART 4: TERMINATION OF REPLICATIONWhen the ends of linear chromosomes are reached there is a 3' overhang of singlestranded DNA. This is because the RNA primer located at this position has beenremoved and DNA polymerase cannotreplace that primer with DNA (without aprimer). This apparent dilemma is solvedby an enzyme called Telomerase.Telomerase extends the DNA at the endof chromosomes, called telomeres.Telomeres are stretches of repeatedAnd yd5 ITT3¹5 TTTTT3¹ LL3'is in35mming5'Telomere RepeatsTITTAGGG TTAGGG TTAGGG 35'CCAAUCCCof chromosomes.Telomerase3Telomere Repeats5⁰VITTAGGGTTAGGG TTAGGG TTAGGG 3AATCCC AATCCC AAUG( CCAAUCCC 9.0Telomerase1. The RNA nucleotides part of the telomerase structure is used as theIn insDNA polymeraseDNA sequences. Telomerase recognizes the repeated sequence, binds to it, and thenlays down more nucleotides, lengthening the telomere.3'Telomerase is composed of amino acids and RNA nucleotides. In the image above theamino acids are represented by the half circle shape, and the nucleotides of telomeraseare represented in blue.2.What end of the DNA is telomerase extending?orü ellug brs AMO erbshna AVO erb abriwnu3. What does this extension accomplish?for creating the repeated sequence at the endHiw18 of 2beshemylog el4. Why don't organisms with circular chromosomes also have telomerase?

Telomeres are the repeating nucleotide base sequences present at the terminal part of linear…

1. The RNA nucleotides part of the telomerase structure is used as the for creating the repeated sequence at the end of chromosomes. 2. What end of the DNA is telomerase extending? bra AMO erba 3. What does this extension accomplish? de an 18 of 1 4. Why don't organisms with circular chromosomes also have telomerase?

1. The RNA nucleotides part of the telomerase structure is used as the for creating the repeated sequence at the end of chromosomes. 2. What end of the DNA is telomerase extending? bra AMO erba 3. What does this extension accomplish? de an 18 of 1 4. Why don't organisms with circular chromosomes also have telomerase?

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter8: Dna Structure And Function

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CT: Review Figures 8.12 and 8.13. In cells, the primers for DNA synthesis are short strands of RNA, so...

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Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.
During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other is synthesized as a number of separate fragments of DNA that are subsequently linked by DNA ligase. This is because O replication starts at many points on the chromosome RNA primers only anneal to one of the parental strands of DNA one of the parental strands is unwound slower than the other by helicase DNA polymerase III only synthesizes DNA in the 5' - 3' direction
Review Figures 8.12 and 8.13. In cells, the primers forDNA synthesis are short strands of RNA, so each newlysynthesized strand of DNA has a segment of RNA atits 5′ end. As replication proceeds, DNA polymerasesremove these RNA segments and fill in the resulting gapswith DNA. However, the gaps at the very 5′ ends of thenew strands cannot be filled in with DNA. Why not?DNA replication leaves exposed about 100 nucleotidesat the 5′ end of each template strand, and these singlestranded ends are removed. What are the effects of this“end problem” on a cell’s DNA as it continues to divide
Some Processes Involved in DNA Replication 1. The replication origin is identified. 2. DNA primase builds RNA primer. 3. Okazaki fragments are spliced by DNA ligase. 4. Helicases bind and uncoil the DNA double helix. 5. RNA primer is the starting point for DNA polymerase. 6. DNA replication ends at the telomere where DNA codes for termination. 7. DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction in short segments called Okazaki fragments. The sequence in which the events numbered above occur during DNA replication of the lagging strand is , and
3-5-8-DNA- DNA helicase- DNA ligose-DNA polymerase-DNA replication origin of replication-primase-RNA-RNA polymerose- single strand binding protein stort codon-stop codon-transcription -transiation to What is the name of this process?1 This process bepins ar a site where the X's e on the DNAColed What is the name for #27 What is the neme for #3? 5 What is #4 made.cf at Which number refers to an Okazaki fracment? What is the number of the enzyme that is eluing toeether Okazaldi fragments"
During DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to Group of answer choices serve as a binding site for DNA ligase separate the two strands of the double helix to open replication "bubbles" serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase in the 3' - 5' direction prevent new-separated strands of DNA from rejoining serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation in the 5' - 3' direction by DNA polymerase
(a) What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?(b) What is the function of DNA polymerase?(c) What are replication forks? Compare and contrast leading and lagging strands. Answer all please
Match the enzymes involved in DNA replication with their function. Primase [ Choose ] [ Choose] Synthesizes short RNA segment to initiate new DNA strand Helicase Main enzyme that extends RNA primer by adding DNA nucleotides to it Stabilizes single-stranded DNA Relieves over-winding of DNA ahead of the replication fork Removes RNA primers preceding Okazaki fragment and replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides Single-stranded binding proteins Unwinds DNA helix Synthesizes the ends of the linear chromosome Seals nicks between adjacent DNA segments DNA polymerase III [ Choose ] DNA polymerasel [ Choose ] DNA Ligase [ Choose ] Topoisomerase [ Choose ]
How does DNA replicate itself? Describe leading and lagging strand replication. What isthe role of helicase, gyrase, DNA polymerase I & III, primase, and DNA ligase?
3b) Briefly explain what telomerase does, how it accomplishes what it does, and why that allows a cell to completely and accurately replicate the ends of linear DNA molecules. (please note that the question does not ask you to explain the entire process of replication of the end of a linear DNA strand, it only asks about the function of telomerase in this process)
Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’ 3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. ___________ should be the template for the lagging strand synthesis. neither of the two strands the bottom strand both top and bottom strands the top strand