1. Find all mixed strategy Nash Equilibria for the games below. How many Nash Equilibria do these games have (including both pure and mixed strategy)? Player 2 A) L Player 1 D 2,2 4,1 E 1,4 3,3 B) Player 2 y z a 4,0 2,1 3,2 Player 1 b 2,2 3,4 0,1 2,2 1,2 0,3 c) Player 3: A Player 2 y a 2,0,4 1,1,1 1,2,3, Player 1 3,2,3 0,1,0 2,1,3 1,0,2 0,0,3 3,1,1 Player 3: B Player 2 y a 2,0,3 4,1,2 1,2,2 Player 1 1,3,2 2,2,2 0,4,0 0,0,0 3,0,3 2,1,0
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- 3. Player 1 and Player 2 are going to play the following stage game twice: Player 1 Top Bottom Left 4,3 0,0 Player 2 Middle 0,0 2,1 Right 1,4 0,0 There is no discounting in this problem and so a player's payoff in this repeated game is the sum of her payoffs in the two plays of the stage game. (a) Find the Nash equilibria of the stage game. Is (Top, Left) a Nash of the stage game? (b) Find a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of the repeated game where the first time they play the stage game Player 1 chooses Top and Player 2 chooses Left.し(5,3) b I(2,2) も(0,0) (4,12) a (12.4) (0,0) i). List all subgame pertect Nash equilibria and name one Nash eqvilibrivm that is not subgame pertect i). How many strategies does playot and player 2 have?4. Suppose that Anne and Bob must simultaneously name a number in the set {1,2, ..., 10}. If they name the same number, the each get a payoff of 1; if they name different num- bers, they each get a payoff of 0. (a) Find all (pure and mixed strategy) Nash equilibria of this game. (b) How many are there? Explain why. (Hint: there are a lot of them!)
- Subgames • • • At each node where a player makes a decision, we can think about the "subgame" starting at that node A subgame is the portion of the tree following a particular node How many subgames does our first sequential move example have? • How many subgames does our entry game have? • How many subgames does the game on the right have? • What are its Nash equilibria? Player 1 (1,4) T Player 2 U B (5,2) (3,3) р Player 1 D L 9 (2, 0) Player 2 R (6, 2)Consider the following game: Player 2 In Out Player 1 In -2,-2 2, 0 Out 0, 2 0, 0 (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game, or what are the Nash equilibriaof this game? (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)? Which? (c) Suppose Player 1 could move before Player 2 and Player 2 could observe Player 1’s move. What do you think would happen?Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.
- 1. Consider the following normal-form game: Player 2 Left Right 30,20 10,10 10,30 20,20 Player 1 How many pure-strategy Nash Equilibria are there in this game? (a) 0 (b) 1 Up Down (c) 2 (d) 3 (e) 4 (f) None of the above Answer: 1b. The only Nash Equilirbium is (Up,Left).3. 1 2 J K 2 1 2 0 0 K 3 3 E/ 1.1 2.2 B G 2 -2 a.) How many Subgames does this Game have? b.) Convert this Game Tree into matrix form. c.) Find all Pure Strategy Nash Equilibria of this Game. d.) Find all Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibria of this Game. (Pure and Mixed) 2 2.22- Consider the following game. Player 2 Player 1 U 12, 2 | 3, 9 5, 8 4, 2 D (a) Find all the Nash equilibria, pure and mixed. (b) Suppose that the payoff of the column player u:(D, L) is reduced from 8 to 6, but all other payoffs remain the same. Again, find all the pure- and mixed-strategy Nash equilibria. (c) Compare the mixed-strategy equilibria in parts (a) and (b). Did this worsening in one of player 2's payoffs change player 2's equilibrium mixed strategy? Did it change player l's? Give some intuition.
- Consider the following simultaneous game: Player 1 U D Player 2 L 20,-10 -10, 20 R -10, 20 20,-10 Please indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Player 1 has a dominant strategy. This game has a Nash equilibrium. This game has a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies. Player 1's best response is D if player 2 plays R.Player 2 E F H A 6, 5 6, 7 9, 6 7,6 В Player 1 C 6, 7 6, 9 8, 5 9, 7 5, 8 5, 6 7,5 7,5 7,9 8, 7 11, 6 5, 6 (1) In the Unique Nash equilibrium of this game, which strategy does Player1 play? And why? (2) In the Unique Nash equilibrium of this game, which strategy does Player2 play? And why? (3) Is this game dominance solvable? And Why? (4) Does this game have at least one inadmissible Nash equilibrium? And Why?Not Play 1 Play 11 2 1 Trust Distrust 1 Steal Share 0 2 10 0 55 5 5 Find all of the pure strategy Nash Equilibria of this game. There can be more than one equilibrium. [Here ((Not Play, Steal), (Trust)) indicates that player 1 chooses Not Play at the first decision node and Steal at the second decision node, and 2 chooses Trust at his unique decision node.] a) ((Play, Share), (Trust)) b) ((Not play, Share), (Distrust)) c) ((Not play, Steal), (Distrust)) d) ((Not play, Steal), (Trust)) ☐ e) ((Play, Steal), (Distrust))