. Suppose that Anne and Bob must simultaneously name a number in the set {1,2, ..., 10}. If they name the same number, the each get a payoff of 1; if they name different num- bers, they each get a payoff of 0. (a) Find all (pure and mixed strategy) Nash equilibria of this game. (b) How many are there? Explain why. (Hint: there are a lot of them!)
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- 3. Player 1 and Player 2 are going to play the following stage game twice: Player 1 Top Bottom Left 4,3 0,0 Player 2 Middle 0,0 2,1 Right 1,4 0,0 There is no discounting in this problem and so a player's payoff in this repeated game is the sum of her payoffs in the two plays of the stage game. (a) Find the Nash equilibria of the stage game. Is (Top, Left) a Nash of the stage game? (b) Find a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of the repeated game where the first time they play the stage game Player 1 chooses Top and Player 2 chooses Left.1. Consider the game where initially She chooses between "Stay Home" and "Go Out". If She chooses "Stay Home" then She gets 2 and He gets 0. If She chooses "Go Out" then they each simultaneously choose "Movie" or "Concert" where the payoffs are 0,1 or 3 as in the Battle of the Sexes Game. What are the subgame perfect Nash Equilibria of this game ?2. Brad and Angelina have agreed to meet up for their first date. Neither of them can remember the exact location where they arranged to meet up and have forgotten their phones at home. Their payoff matrix can be described as follows: Brad The Hive Le Monde a) What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Angelina The Hive 5; 5 0; 0 Le Monde 0; 0 5; 5
- (Demand Game) Two players can divide ten dollars. Find the Nash equilibria of the following two games. (a) The players simultaneously submit demands, numbers in {0, 1, ... ,10}. If the sum of the demands is at most 10, each player gets what she demands. Otherwise both get 0. (b) As in the previous part, except that if the sum of the demands exceeds 10, then (i) if the demands differ then the player who demands less gets her demand and the other player gets the rest, and (ii) if the demands are the same then each player gets 5. (Hint- write the best response functions).5. Consider the following Extended Form game where P1 stands for Player one and P2 stands for player two with A, B and A', B' being their respective strategies. A' (1,1) P2 B' (2,3) P1 A' B (4,5) P2 What is the set of Nash Equilibria? Clearly explain your answer. Full-screen Snip B' (6,7)1. Consider the following normal-form game: Player 2 Left Right 30,20 10,10 10,30 20,20 Player 1 How many pure-strategy Nash Equilibria are there in this game? (a) 0 (b) 1 Up Down (c) 2 (d) 3 (e) 4 (f) None of the above Answer: 1b. The only Nash Equilirbium is (Up,Left).
- 8. Solving for dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium Suppose Tim and Alyssa are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Tim chooses Right and Alyssa chooses Right, Tim will receive a payoff of 3 and Alyssa will receive a payoff of 6. Tim Left Left 5, 6 Right 4, 2 Alyssa Right 5,5 3,6 The only dominant strategy in this game is for to choose The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Tim chooses and Alyssa chooses3. Two individuals are planning to start a business. The earnings from a grocery store business would be $30,000 for each, but the business requires two people (one to watch over the stock and the other to act as a cashier). Each individual could instead start an mpesa business. The take from mpesa business is only $3000 but can be done with one person acting alone. i) Write down the payoff matrix for this game ( ii) Solve the Nash equilibrium(d) Consider a simultaneous-move game between two firms choosing to sell their product at either £6, £7 or £8. The actions and payoffs are given in the matrix below. Firm 2's Prices £6 £7 £8 Firm 1's prices £6 4, 5 3, 5 2, 1 £7 0,4 2, 1 3,0 £8 -1, 1 4, 3 0, 2 What are the Nash equilibria of this game? Game theory is often used by firms competing under an oligopoly as a means of determining their best strategy. Why is game theory a useful tool and which characteristics of an oligopoly make it particularly useful for firms competing in this market structure? One outcome of an oligopoly is that firms may have an incentive to collude. Explain some of the conditions that make collusion more likely to occur and how game theory can explain why collusive agreements often break down.
- 2- Consider the following game. Player 2 Player 1 U 12, 2 | 3, 9 5, 8 4, 2 D (a) Find all the Nash equilibria, pure and mixed. (b) Suppose that the payoff of the column player u:(D, L) is reduced from 8 to 6, but all other payoffs remain the same. Again, find all the pure- and mixed-strategy Nash equilibria. (c) Compare the mixed-strategy equilibria in parts (a) and (b). Did this worsening in one of player 2's payoffs change player 2's equilibrium mixed strategy? Did it change player l's? Give some intuition.Costco Spend $1B on advertising Spend $1.5B on advertising Spend $1B on advertising $3.5B; $2.7B $4.2; $2.2B Target Spend $1.5B on advertising $3.2B; $3.4B $4B; $3BWhich is the correct mixed strategy Nash equilibrium for the below game? A B Confess Confess (3,2) Doesn't (0,0) confess a. (2/5); (3/5) b. (1/4); (3/4) c. (1/2); (1/2) d. (1/3); (2/3) Doesn't confess (0,0) (2,3)
