Answered: 1. EGF interacts with blank to activate…

1. EGF interacts with blank to activate the MAP kinase cascade? G protein coupled receptor; receptor Tyrosine kinase; serine/threonine kinase; cdk

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter6: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYU

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Concept explainers

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.

Question

1. EGF interacts with blank to activate the MAP kinase cascade? G protein coupled receptor; receptor Tyrosine kinase; serine/threonine kinase; cdk

2. When a trimetric G protein is activated by gpcf? The three subuni8of the G protein remain tightly associated with each other; the GDP bound to the a subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP; it dissociates into a free b subunit as an ay subunit; none

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Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.
Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b) split calmodulin (c) are kept at higher concentration in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid (d) are produced in the ER by protein kinases and protein phosphatases (e) typically terminate signaling cascades
3 of 16 Which statement about the IP3 DAG pathway is false? O Diacylglycerol can act as a second messenger. Inositol trisphosphate can act as a second messenger. O Protein kinase C can phosphorylate a wide variety of proteins. O Inositol trisphosphate remains bound to the membrane after phospholipase C catalyzes its formation. Inositol trisphosphate can open ion channels in the membraņes of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, releasing calcium into the cytoplasm.
2. Following Figure shows that intracellular signaling pathways can be highly interconnected? signal molecule plasma membrane activated GPCR activated RTK G protein G protein → phospholipase C PI 3-kinase Ras-GEF phosphorylated inositol phospholipid adenylyl cyclase IP3 diacylglycerol Ras Ca+ MAP kinase kinase kinase cyclic AMP protein kinase 1 calmodulin MAP kinase kinase PKA CaM-kinase РКС MAP kinase Akt kinase ALTERED CELL BEHAVIOR ECB4 EQ16.51/Q16.61 From the information in above Figure, which of the following statements is incorrect, and explain your opinion(explanation)? A. The GPCR and the RTK both activate phospholipase C. B. Activation of either the GPCR or the RTK will lead to activation of transcriptional regulators. C. CaM-kinase is only activated when the GPCR is active and not when the RTK is active. D. Ras is activated only when the RTK is active and not when the GPCR is active.
he following happens when a G-protein-coupled receptor activates a G protein. OThe alpha subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP. OIt activates the alpha subunit and inactivates the beta gamma complex. O The GDP bound to the alpha subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP The beta subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.
What is meant by intrinsic GTPase activity? Exchange of GDP for GTP on the a-subunit of the G protein Inhibition of GBCR receptor activity Activation of Adenylyl Cyclades Breakdown of cAMP by phosphodiesterase Spontaneous hydrolysis of GTP on the a-subunit of the G-protein
An SH2-containing protein contains a mutation that changes its binding pocket such that tyrosine and phosphotyrosine bind with equal afﬁnity. As a result, MEK activity: does not change with receptor dimerization and transautophosphorylation decreases due to changes in Raf activation increases with ligand binding-induced dimerization decreases due to allosteric inhibition of SH2-domain binding
27) One of the main differences between receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is that: GPCR signaling involves enzyme cascades, while RTK signaling does not. Only RTK signaling involves kinase activity. Only GPCR signaling involves a GTPase. GPCR signaling is more likely to have a short-term, reversible effect.
IP3 binds to --- and DAG binds to O Calcium channel of SER/Protein Kinase C O Nucleus/Plasma membrane O G-protein/Protein Kinase C O Phosphatase/Protein Kinase C The inhibition that make permanent
GTP binding proteins, which act as molecular switches inside cells activate by the GTPase action on the GTP are active only in their trimeric forms turn themselves on by phosphorylating GDP to form GTP activate immediately when GDP is released O are active when GTP is bound
Cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? O They are both down-regulated by lysosomal degradation They both involve receptor exoplasmic domain dimerization They both result in an effector protein entering the nucleus O They both involve cytosolic domain phosphorylation
Which of the following are activated either directly or indirectly by a heterotrimeric G protein subunit (select all that apply)? O IP, receptor O PIP3-dependent protein kinase O Protein Kinase A O Akt O Phospholipase C O Adenylyl cyclase O Phosphoinositide 3-kinase