Police Response

The third and present day era of policing is Community Policing. Community policing is an organization-wide philosophy and management approach that promotes community, government and police partnerships; proactive problem solving; and community engagement to address the causes of crime, fear of crime and other community issues (Hess, Wrobleski pg. 10). Community policing goes beyond the traditional policing from the previous eras. Officers are assigned to designated areas, in which they get to know the citizens of the neighborhoods they are assigned. They use a more effective means of patrol such as foot patrol, and bicycle patrol. They do not just patrol around in vehicles, and respond to service calls. This goes back to one of Peel’s principles, “Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. The police must obtain a more involved relationship with the citizen of a community in order for the community to help the police with their patrolling to deter crime.

I feel as if the reason that the different levels of motorized patrol failed to have an impact on crime or public perception because when the police are in large areas patrolling, they may not be able to cover as much area as they think and adding more officers or cars may remove an officer or car from an rea that it is actually needed in which may move crime into another area.

Community Policing took a different perspective on crime than August Vollmer. It shows that even though police officers are trained and respond to crimes on time, it doesn’t effect the crime rates. In the past foot-patrol was in place but it quickly failed due to poor management and not enough funds for the program (Bohm & Haley, 2014, Pg. 147). Community Policing was an idea to form a bond between the police and the citizens. If the police paid more attention to the minor problems in

Since the 70’s police departments like Spokane Washington, I believe have proved that police visibility or presence in the community along with transparency working hand in hand with the community, have had a positive effect on preventing crime and providing communities with a sense of security (The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. (n.d.).

Community policing has evolved to be the most used strategy for policing. “It is an approach to crime detection and prevention that provides police officers and supervisors with new tools for addressing recurrent problems that plague communities and consume a majority of police agency time and resources” (Peak, 2012, 65). It has been defined by various people differently. But all the definitions have similar principles (Chappell, 2009). They focus on proactive problem solving and create relationships with the community to address any issue that may arise. Community policing is a combination of client-oriented and problem-oriented policing.

Crime is subject to a complex combination of factors, many of which have little to do with how police do their jobs. Studies have pointed to the effects of the economy, the aging population, even the amount of lead in people's bodies. (Schuppe).

Unfortunately, the financial trend that has been seen in policing will likely continue for the foreseeable future, which will not only limit the ability to confront these new critical issues, but will likely exacerbate them as well (Police Executive, 2013). It is also foreseeable that new state efforts to combat their overall economic struggles will serve as a critical issue with adverse policing affects as well. More and more states continue to modify their early release policies, putting criminals back onto the streets sooner and in greater numbers than ever before, which has caused police officials to almost unanimously report that they expect to see increases in their crime rates as a result (Police Executive, 2013).

Those who beforehand were willing to step forward and report crimes will be less likely to do so now, fearing their own apprehension. It is this cooperation from the community that the street cops rely on to find and arrest criminals. Once this Faith between police officers and the community is broken, it can take years to reestablish.

Black lives matter! There have been so many black lives that have been taken this year. Black on black crimes vs white on white crimes are important to acknowledge. Yes, all live matter but African Americans matter more than others. It’s important to acknowledge the situation involving Alton Sterling, an African American who sold CDs and got shot severally because of a misunderstanding. It’s also important to acknowledge the case involving Dylann Roof, a Caucasian who killed 9 people and is still alive. Then, there’s the questions we ask ourselves: why is there mistreatment and brutality coming from police officers? Why do people stereotype African Americans? These are questions we ask ourselves and these are questions that need to be answered.

The focus of community-oriented policing is not simply on response, but on preventing crime and resolving community problems. This philosophy rests on the belief that the police and the community must work together as partners to solve the contemporary challenges faced in today 's society. (Community Policing Philosophy)

Without police, the safety of the community is jeopardized. Without community support, police are dispossessed of their legitimacy and robbed of their effectiveness. This three-element definition of police makes it easy to understand why abuse of force by police is of such great concern. First, there is the humanitarian concern that police are capable of inflicting serious, even lethal, harm on the public. Second, there is the philosophical dilemma that in "protecting" the whole of society, some of its constituent parts, meaning its citizens, may be injured. Third, there is the political irony that police, who stand apart from society in terms of authority, law, and responsibility, also are part of society and act on its behalf. Thus, rogue actions by a few police, if condoned by the public, may become perceived as actions of the citizenry. Recent developments in policing have elevated concerns about police use of force beyond ordinarily high levels. In particular, community policing, which is becoming widespread as a result of financial incentives by the Federal Government, and "aggressive" policing, which is becoming widely adopted as a solution to serious crime problems, have come to the fore as perspectives of choice by policing experts. Community policing emphasizes

Reactive patrols and proactive patrols are mainstays of American police agencies. Reactive patrols provide the required rapid law enforcement response to citizen requests for assistance and other emergencies. Meanwhile, proactive patrols provide the necessary planning and allocation of police resources to effectively respond to specific, ongoing problems such as "white collar crime" and the "victimless crimes" of drug transactions behind closed doors. Careful examinations of each patrol type and the effects of using exclusively reactive patrols or exclusively proactive patrols show that a balanced approach using both types of patrols gives the best law enforcement response to the needs of the community.

Community-oriented policing is effective ,but its implementation has been reduced. Community-oriented policing funds were reduced because of September 11, 2001. “The events of September 11 and the subsequent concern for national security have justifiably shifted the priorities of policing” (Murray, 2005, p247). The ‘war on terror’ would shift away from community-oriented policing and would reignite traditional policing methods

In general, the purpose of major crime-reporting programs is three-fold: (1) To assess and evaluate the apparent need for police intervention strategies; (2) To assess and evaluate the relative success of existing approaches and strategies; and (3) To allow municipal administrators and police agencies to allocate available resources as appropriately and cost-effectively as possible by coordinating resources and community needs (Schmalleger, 2009; Safir, 2003). In principle, a successful crime-reporting program is one that accurately and comprehensively represents the actual breakdown of criminal activity within a community so as to allow decision-makers to quantify those data in ways that facilitate optimal resource allocation and policing policies (Schmalleger, 2009; Safir, 2003). Additionally, accomplishing those objectives at minimal cost is another essential element of that approach, particularly in relatively small communities with comparatively limited municipal and police resources (Burnett, 2007).

These issues represent a minor illustration of perceived misgivings of community policing. The fact remains that there is no long-term study data available that indicating the community policing approach is superior. As such it would be wise to consider continual analysis of its effectiveness as an approach while not abandoning all other law enforcement strategies based on the preliminary beliefs suggesting the benefits of community policing. The best strategy would be to maintain an open mind and continue to build upon the increased community collaboration created through community policing efforts. At the same time, agencies should be prepared to situationally use alternative strategies to combat crime when it appears community policing may not be the optimal choice using data to demonstrate why other options may be better