There were many cases during the civil rights movement that helped shape the world into what it is today. By the middle of the twentieth century, black people had long experienced a physical and social landscape of white supremacy, embedded in policy, social codes, and both intimate and spectacular forms of racial restriction and violence. It was time for a change. The Supreme Court made many decisions to change and affect this movement. Some of these these cases are Dred Scott vs. John F.A. Stanford, Plessy vs. Ferguson, and Shelley vs. Kraemer.
Dred Scott vs. Sanford was a case in which a slave named Dred Scott and his wife, Harriet, sued for their freedom in a St. Louis city court. They could be made free because they had been held in a free state before going back to a slave state. But since slaves were not considered citizens, the judgement was made that they could not expect any protection from the federal court. They also stated congress didn't have the power to ban slavery in a federal territory. This case lead us one step closer to the civil war, since it angered many people.
The Plessy vs. Ferguson case occured when Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroads
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This violated an amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection applies in this case to prohibit the enforcement of the restrictive covenant at issue due to the fact that the "provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment apply only where there is state action", which is found in this case due to the action of the Supreme Court of Missouri in enforcing the agreement, the result of which is to deprive the Petitioners of their property. The courts judgment lead to immediate guaranteed equal rights for all
In June 1892 Homer A. Plessy bought a first-class ticket on the East Louisiana Railroad and sat in the car designated for whites only. Plessy was of mixed African and European ancestry, and he looked white. Because the Citizens Committee wanted to challenge the segregation law in court, it alerted railroad officials that Plessy would be sitting in the whites only car, even though he was partly of African descent. Plessy was arrested and brought to court for arraignment before Judge John H. Ferguson of the U.S. District Court in Louisiana. Plessy then attempted to halt the trial by suing Ferguson on the grounds that the segregation law was unconstitutional.
Segregation had been something the United States had struggled with for years. During the 1890’s segregation started to become more common and white people felt superior to other races, especially African Americans. White people believed, black people did not deserve the rights and respect that they had. Homer Plessy, the so called wrongdoer in the Plessy vs Ferguson case, was seven-eighths white and one-eighths black, and he had an appearance of a white man. On June 7, 1892, he purchased a railroad ticket from New Orleans to Covington La, and sat in an empty seat in a whites only car. Homer told the conductor he was black, and when asked to leave and move on to the appropriate car, he refused. He was an American citizen who had bought a first-class ticket and deserved to sit on that train. When the conductor called the police, Homer Plessy was arrested and later in court his case challenged the system and had a large impact on the African American community.The Plessy vs Ferguson trial affected humanity in both a positive and a negative way, because of the small negative short term cultural effects, such as disrespect towards African Americans, and the long term positive effects that lead to the equality between black and white people.
In 1854, Scott v. Sanford took place. Scott, a slave to the Emerson family, traveled to Minnesota with John Emerson. While there, his owner died and the court declared him free. However, at the Circuit of Appeals, it was ruled Scott was still property of the Emersons'. This decision stood, which declared that slaves are property. This was one infuriating cause of the Civil War.
The Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Education are two cases that changed the way that we live today in a quite dramatic way. The Plessy V. Ferguson was a case that promoted segregation. The majority voted for segregation and the minorities opposed the idea and the key precedent that was established after this case was that the U.S. Supreme Court didn't base their trial off of the constitution and instead based their trial upon the statement 'separate but equal'. The Brown V. Board of Education case was a case that completely opposed the idea of 'separate but equal' because the whole case revolved around the fact that a mother wanted her children to go to a school that was easier to get to however it was a school that was only for white children so the mother decided to take the case to court and the majority voted on letting the African American students attend white schools and the minorities voted otherwise. The key precedent that was established after this case was that segregation in schools violates the 14th amendment and it should not be permitted by the U.S. Supreme Court. These two cases were important for the transformation for the America we have today, and they influenced America's thought process and actions significantly.
Like Martin Luther King Jr said, “We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same boat now". In the 1800's and mid 1900's there were several cases where it lacked equality to the blacks. The Civil Rights movement helped people understand that nobody is better or greater than somebody else because of their skin color. Three Supreme Court cases influenced the civil right movement by showing why everybody should be treated equal and should have the same rights that the whites had: Dred Scott v. Sanford, Brown v. Board of Education, and Loving v. Virginia.
Dred Scott Decision ruling was used in subsequent cases in the court. The decision on all blacks slaves or free
The Dred Scott case took place in 1857. Dred Scott sued in federal court claiming that he was a free citizen. He had been taken to a slave-free territory by his owner, who was an army doctor (history.com). Since the state was free he also declared that he too was free, so Scott sued. He said that he was a citizen of Missouri and a free man. This case became a legal nightmare. This case was basically trying to figure out if slavery should be allowed in the south or not (history.com). Scott tried to gain his freedom, but it the trial did not turn out so well.
Dred Scott vs. Sanford – Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, owned by an army surgeon who had taken Scott into Illinois and Wisconsin where slavery was forbidden. Now, the surgeon’s brother was claiming ownership of Scott. The court was extremely divided but eventually declared that Scott didn’t have a case because he wasn’t a legal citizen.
The Dred Scott Decision was a major court ruling having to do with slavery in the 1850s. Dred Scott was a slave who lived in Missouri. His owner, Army Dr. John Emerson, took him to the Illinois and Wisconsin Territory on tours of duty. His owner died after they returned to Missouri. Dred Scott sued for his freedom because he said he became a free man living in the free territory. The Dred Scott Decision was a major court case that stated a slave, or any black man, could be considered property anywhere, even in free states. This decision showed the United States that the Supreme Court favored slavery.
Sanford was another hot political issue. Dred Scott and his wife were taken to a free state by their master, and the ruling on this case stated that Scott was still legally bound to his master and must remain a slave. This decision was based on three main factors. The first factor was that Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in Federal court. The second factor was that it was unconstitutional for Congress to outlaw slavery in a territory. The last factor stated that although Scott and his family were heading in and out of Free states, it did not affect their standing as slaves.
The landmark Supreme Court cases of Dred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas have had a tremendous effect on the struggle for equal rights in America. These marker cases have set the precedent for cases dealing with the issue of civil equality for the last 150 years.
The Dred Scott Case occurred when a slaves master passed away. Dred Scott (the slave) was owned by a doctor who lived in a free state so, he acted like a free man. When the doctor died Dred Scott was in his will for his wife, his wife ended up moving to a slave state but Dred Scott got a lawyer top try to sue her for treating him like a slave. He was the first salve ever to try to sue his master. The judge, Roger Taney, basically said that a black man had no right while white can do as they please. This case caused an uproar in the North and drove the wedge between the North and the South even deeper than ever before. This case proved to the North that the government was not opposed to
This first case Dred Scott v. Sanford was the first major segregational conflict to go all the way to the Supreme Court. In 1846 a slave named Dred Scott and his true love Harriet Scott were sued for their freedom as people in St. Louis. And the whole way up the chain of courts the case became more and more important and more well known by everyone from that time period. It's a very
The Plessy versus Ferguson case started with an incident where an African American passenger on a train, Homer Plessy, broke Louisiana law by refusing to sit in a Jim Crow car, a separate cart on the train where African Americans had to sit. This
The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws". Two landmark 14th Amendment cases are Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education. However, each case treated the 14th Amendment differently and this caused a different outcome for each court case.