University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 5CQ
It was stated that the motion of an electron appears nearly random when an electrical field is applied to the conductor. What makes the motion nearly random and differentiates it from the random motion of molecules in a gas?
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Consider electrons flowing in copper.
a) Compute the average time between collisions for free electrons in copper. (Hint: The density of free electrons in copper is 8.44 x 1028 electrons / m3).
b) Due to quantum mechanical effects, electrons in copper have a speed of about 106 m/s at room temperature. Show that electrons moving at such speeds will travel an average distance of 25 nanometers between collisions.
In the classic model for electrical conduction, electron mobility u in a metal wire is defined as
where v, is the drift velocity of the electrons and E is the electric field in the metal. This parameter is a measure of how freely
electrons can travel through a metal when an electric field is applied, such as when the ends of a metal wire are connected to a
potential difference.
(a) Show that
where a is the conductivity of the metal, n is the number density of the charge carriers, and q is the charge on each carrier.
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(b) B = AVH is often written as
AVH - R
IB
where R, is the Hall coefficient of the metal. Show that the following is true. (Submit a file with a maximum size of 1 MB.)
Hyo -n
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(c) The table below shows some measured values of Hall coefficients for some elemental materials. What is an average number…
The resistance R of a conductor of length L and area of cross – section A carrying a current I is given by:
a) R=pA/L, where p=specific resistance
b) R = VI, where V = potential different c) R = σA, where σ = electrical conductivity
d) R = 2mL/ne 2 τA. Where τ = relaxation time, n the electron density e the electronic charge and m is the mass of an electron
Chapter 9 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Handheld calculators...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Circuit breakers in a...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding In Example 9.4, the drift...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding The current density is...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Copper wires use...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding A strain gauge is an...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding The resistance between...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding The voltage supplied to...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Electric motors have a...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Is the efficiency of the...
Ch. 9 - Can a wire cany a current and still be...Ch. 9 - Car batteries are rated in ampere-hours (Ah). To...Ch. 9 - When working with high-power electric circuits, it...Ch. 9 - Incandescent light bulbs are being replaced with...Ch. 9 - It was stated that the motion of an electron...Ch. 9 - Electric circuits are sometimes explained using a...Ch. 9 - An incandescent light bulb is partially evacuated....Ch. 9 - The [R drop across a resistor means that there is...Ch. 9 - Do impurities in semiconducting materials listed...Ch. 9 - Does the resistance of an object depend on the...Ch. 9 - If aluminum and copper wires of the same length...Ch. 9 - In Determining Field from Potential, resistance...Ch. 9 - Shown below are the results of an experiment where...Ch. 9 - The current I is measured through a sample of an...Ch. 9 - Common household appliances are rated at 110 V,...Ch. 9 - Your electric bill gives your consumption in units...Ch. 9 - Resistors are commonly rated at 18W,14W,12W ,1 W...Ch. 9 - Ail immersion heater is a small appliance used to...Ch. 9 - What requirement for superconductivity7 makes...Ch. 9 - Name two applications for superconductivity listed...Ch. 9 - A Van de Graaff generator is one of the original...Ch. 9 - A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a device that produces...Ch. 9 - How many electrons flow through a point in a wire...Ch. 9 - A conductor carries a current that is decreasing...Ch. 9 - The quantity of charge through a conductor is...Ch. 9 - The current through a conductor is modeled as...Ch. 9 - The charge on a capacitor in a circuit is modeled...Ch. 9 - An aluminum wire 1.628 mm in diameter (14-gauge)...Ch. 9 - The current of an election beam has a...Ch. 9 - A high-energy proton accelerator produces a proton...Ch. 9 - Consider a wire of a circular cross-section with a...Ch. 9 - The current of an electron beam has a measured...Ch. 9 - The current supplied to an ail conditioner unit is...Ch. 9 - What current flows through the bulb of a 3.00-V...Ch. 9 - Calculate the effective resistance of a pocket...Ch. 9 - How many volts are supplied to operate an...Ch. 9 - What is the resistance of a 20.0-m-long piece of...Ch. 9 - The diameter of 0-gauge copper wire is 8.252 mm....Ch. 9 - If the 0. 10.0-mm-diameter tungsten filament in a...Ch. 9 - A lead rod has a length of 30.00 cm and a...Ch. 9 - Find the ratio of the diameter of aluminum to...Ch. 9 - What current flows through a 2.54-cm-diameter rod...Ch. 9 - (a) To what temperature must you raise a copper...Ch. 9 - A resistor made of nichrome wire is used in an...Ch. 9 - Of what material is a resistor made if its...Ch. 9 - An electronic device designed to operate at any...Ch. 9 - (a) Of what material is a wire made, if it is 25.0...Ch. 9 - Assuming a constant temperature coefficient of...Ch. 9 - A copper wire has a resistance of 0.500 at 20.0°C...Ch. 9 - A 2.2-k resistor is connected across a D cell...Ch. 9 - A resistor rated at 250 k is connected across two...Ch. 9 - A resistor is connected in series with a power...Ch. 9 - A resistor is placed in a circuit with an...Ch. 9 - The following table show the measurements of a...Ch. 9 - A 20.00-V battery is used to supply current to a...Ch. 9 - What is the maximum voltage that can be applied to...Ch. 9 - A heater is being designed that uses a coil of...Ch. 9 - An alternative to CFL bulbs and incandescent bulbs...Ch. 9 - The power dissipated by a resistor with a...Ch. 9 - Running late to catch a plane, a driver...Ch. 9 - SI. A physics student has a single-occupancy dorm...Ch. 9 - A 0.50-W, 220- resistor carries the...Ch. 9 - Consider a power plant is located 60 km away from...Ch. 9 - A wire is drawn through a die, stretching it to...Ch. 9 - Digital medical thermometers determine temperature...Ch. 9 - Electrical power generators are sometimes "load...Ch. 9 - A 12-guage gold wire has a length of 1 meter. (a)...Ch. 9 - What is the change in temperature required to...Ch. 9 - A coaxial cable consists of an inner conductor...Ch. 9 - A 10.00-meter long wire cable that is made of...Ch. 9 - A nichrome rod that is 3.00 mm long with a cross...Ch. 9 - The temperature in Philadelphia, PA can vary...Ch. 9 - When 100.0 V is applied across a 5-gauge (diameter...Ch. 9 - A wire with a resistance of 5.0 is drawn out...Ch. 9 - What is the resistivity of a wire of 5-gauge wire...Ch. 9 - Coils are often used in electrical and electronic...Ch. 9 - Currents of approximately 0.06 A can be...Ch. 9 - A 20.00-ohm; 5.00-watt resistor is placed in...Ch. 9 - A battery with an emf of 24.00 V delivers a...Ch. 9 - A 12.00-V battery has an internal resistance of a...Ch. 9 - A 10-gauge copper wire has a cross-sectional area...Ch. 9 - The current through a 12-gauge wire is given as...Ch. 9 - A particle accelerator produces a beam with a...Ch. 9 - In this chapter, most examples and problems...Ch. 9 - A current of I= 25A is drawn from a 100-V...Ch. 9 - Consider a square rod of material with sides of...Ch. 9 - A resistor of an unknown resistance is placed in...Ch. 9 - The charge that flows through a point in a wire as...Ch. 9 - Consider a resistor made from a hollow cylinder of...Ch. 9 - What is the current through a cylindrical wire of...Ch. 9 - A student uses a 100.00-W, 115.00-V radiant heater...Ch. 9 - A 12-V car battery is used to power a 20.00-W,...Ch. 9 - A physics student uses a 115.00-V immersion heater...
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