BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 38.4, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction

To outline: The sequence of events that lead to the production of a wound response.

Introduction: Plants are attacked by many factors, such as bacteria, fungi, animals, protists, and so on. Several defence mechanisms occur in plants, which block or decrease the infection. The first line of defense is thick cell walls that are covered with a resilient cuticle. The second line of defense is chemicals secreted by plants does not show any effects by itself.

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Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages). Include a note at top of figure: Is this an example of an innate response or adaptive immune response? Include the following structures/cells/chemicals: epidermis, dermis, splinter contaminated with bacteria puncturing skin, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, nitric oxide (as blue dots), endothelial cells lining capillary, red blood cells within capillary, histamine (as green dots). Under each stage, describe the events occurring in the 3 main stages: Stage 1: What do mast cells and endothelial cells produce in initial response to injury? What do the chemicals produced by the cells do? Stage 2: What happens to capillaries? What leaks out of capillaries to enter the site of the wound? Stage 3: What do neutrophils and macrophages do? What happens to capillaries at this point?
For the process of inflammation, account for the following: (a) the role of cohesive molecules in the extravasation procedures.
What is the role of histamine in inflammation? A)Histamine increases the volume of blood flow in the area of the infection. B)All these choices are correct. C)Histamine signals to neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection. D)Histamine makes it easier for neutrophils to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection.
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