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(a)
Interpretation: The positive factors and concerns of the technique fracking should be given.
Concept introduction:
Fracking or Hydraulic fracturing: The process is a high pressure technique and it is proved to be an unconventional natural gas technology. Using a high pressurized liquid, cracks are created in the rocks which results in the ejection of natural gas and oil.
(b)
Interpretation: The use of ethanol as a fuel is whether a wise choice should be explained. The arguments for and against for this has to be listed.
Concept introduction:
Different forms of energy sources: Renewable energy source and Non-renewable energy source.
Renewable energy resources: The resources which occur by natural process and can be recyclable or replaced. They will be much useful to human beings.
Non-renewable energy resources: The resources which are once used and which cannot be available again within a given amount of time. Energy derived from fossil fuel is an example for non-renewable resource.
Water, food and air are the major examples for renewable energy resources. The use of renewable sources contributes less pollution in the atmosphere and this is the reason for their increase use. Ethanol in gasoline is a renewable form of energy.
Gasoline, coal, diesel, fossil fuel, plastic.. are examples for non-renewable energy resources. The major disadvantages of these resources are they are not renewed and cannot be recycled.
(c)
Interpretation: The development of electric cars and cars using natural gas should be encouraged or not. The advantages and disadvantages to owning this cars has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Different forms of energy sources: Renewable energy source and Non-renewable energy source.
Renewable energy resources: The resources which occur by natural process and can be recyclable or replaced. They will be much useful to human beings.
Non-renewable energy resources: The resources which are once used and which cannot be available again within a given amount of time. Energy derived from fossil fuel is an example for non-renewable resource.
Water, food and air are the major examples for renewable energy resources. The use of renewable sources contributes less pollution in the atmosphere and this is the reason for their increase use. Ethanol in gasoline is a renewable form of energy.
Gasoline, coal, diesel, fossil fuel, plastic.. are examples for non-renewable energy resources. The major disadvantages of these resources are they are not renewed and cannot be recycled.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- A rebreathing gas mask contains potassium superoxide, KO2, which reacts with moisture in the breath to give oxygen. 4KO2(s)+2H2O(l)4KOH(s)+3O2(g) Estimate the grams of potassium superoxide required to supply a persons oxygen needs for one hour. Assume a person requires 1.00 102 kcal of energy for this time period. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 1.00 102 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of oxygen consumed and hence the amount of KO2 required. The ff0 for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forward4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forwardThe carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- Insoluble AgCl(s) precipitates when solutions of AgNO3(aq) and NaCl(aq) are mixed. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) rH = ? To measure the energy evolved in this reaction, 250. mL of 0.16 M AgNO3(aq) and 125 mL of 0.32 M NaCl(aq) are mixed in a coffee-cup calorimeter. The temperature of the mixture rises from 21.15 C to 22.90 C. Calculate the enthalpy change for the precipitation of AgCl(s), in kJ/mol. (Assume the density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL and its specific heat capacity is 4.2 J/g K.)arrow_forwardWater gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is produced by treating carbon (in the form of coke or coal) with steam at high temperatures. (See Study Question 83.) C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) Not all of the carbon available is converted to water gas since some is burned to provide the heat for the endothermic reaction of carbon and water. What mass of carbon must be burned (to CO2 gas) to provide the energy to convert 1.00 kg of carbon to water gas?arrow_forwardAlthough the gas used in an oxyacetylene torch (Figure 5.7) is essentially pure acetylene, the heat produced by combustion of one mole of acetylene in such a torch is likely not equal to the enthalpy of combustion of acetylene listed in Table 5.2. Considering the conditions for which the tabulated data are reported, suggest an explanation.arrow_forward
- Define the terms renewable and nonrenewable as applied to energy resources. Which of the following energy resources are renewable: solar energy, coal, natural gas, geothermal energy, wind power?arrow_forward(a) Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of butane. (b) Why is it not advisable to use a butane stove inside a tent?arrow_forward
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