Translation initiation efficiency can be regulated by which of the following: The affinity of the tRNAS for their cognate tRNA synthetases O The affinity of the ribosome binding site on the MRNA for the 235 rRNA in the 50S subunit O The affinity of the ribosome binding site on the MRNA for the 16S rRNA in the 30S subunit O The affinity with which the 50s and 305 subunits bind to each other
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- Transcription AttenuationHow would transcriptionof the E. coli trp operon be affected by the following manipulations of the leader region of the trp mRNA?(a) Increasing the distance (number of bases) betweenthe leader peptide gene and sequence 2(b) Increasing the distance between sequences 2 and 3(c) Removing sequence 4(d) Changing the two Trp codons in the leader peptidegene to His codons(e) Eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the genethat encodes the leader peptide(f) Changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so thatit can base-pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2Briefly outline the similarities and the differences you expect to see between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation processes. Make sure you mention the molecules involved in both processes as well as the final productsA poison added to an in vitro translation mixture containing mRNA molecules with the sequence 5'- AUGAAAAAAAAAAAAUAA-3' has the following effect: the only product made is a Met-Lys dipeptide that remains attached to the ribosome. What is the most likely way in which the poison acts to inhibit protein synthesis? It mimics a methionine tRNA. O It inhibits stop proteins from entering the ribosome O It inhibits movement of translocation so it can't empty the P-site O It inhibits the P site from accepting a tRNA to begin with
- From this overall anticodon sequence in tRNA, 3'-CAUCGGAAUAGAUCGCUAGUGGCAGGCAUAAUGAUCACCGGUCUGAGAAAAGUGGUACAUAUCAAC-5' What is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for using ONE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus and using THREE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminusExplain whether the specificity of lysine incorporation by lysyl-tRNA synthetase depends on tRNA or lysine, how does it work ?GACA CAAT box A site P site E site DREASAARE III III III III III factors and RNA pol to bind to in order to activate gene expression. Accepts charged tRNA molecules whose anticodon complements the codons of mRNA. Holds a nascent elongating polypeptide before final release. Unique sequence found in bacteria between TATAAT and START. 5 upstream consensus motif that is easily melted for transcription purposes in prokaryotes.
- mRNA sequence of A gene Find 5’ UTR and 3’UTR of mRNA 5’ AAACUGUGACUGAACCUCAAACCCCAAACCAGCCCGAGGAGAACCACAUUCUCCCAGGGA CCCAGGGCGGGCCGUGACCCCUGCGGCGGAGAAGCCUUGGAUAUUUCCACUUCAGAAGCCUACUGGGGAAGGCUGAGGGGUCCCAGCUCCCCACGCUGGCUGCUGUGCAGAUGCUGGACGACAGAGCCAGGAGGGAGGCCGCCAAGAAGGAGAAGGUAGAGCAGAUCCUGGCAGAGUUCCAGCUGCAGGAGGAGGACCUGAAGAAGGUGAUGAGACGGAUGCAGAAGGAGAUGGACCGCGGCCUGAGGUAGAAGCCGCUGGGGCUUGGGGCU-3’During translation, the tRNA antlicodon sequence G-A-U vyould blnd to which MRNA codon (plck one of the cholces I -V below)? Note: all of the sequencos for tho quostlon and answors use the standard convention for representing ollgonuclootidos discussed In class whoro tho 5'-ond Is at the loft and the 3'-ond Is at the right. I) G-A-U II) U-A-G I) C-U-A IV) A-U-C V A-T-C OA. none of the cholces OB. IV Oc." OD.! OE, IIExplain the interactions of specific tRNA with its synthetase, by including the importance of cloverleaf structure of tRNA, which domains are involved, distinct recognition sites, D-arm, TψC arm, anticodon loop and stem, linkage, activation, amino acceptor arm, ensuring the correct tRNA to be recognized by its synthetase. Please do not answer with an incredibly long reply. I would just like the most condensed answer possible by providing all key points asked about. Thanks!
- The Second Genetic Code Review the evidence establishing that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases bridge the information gap between amino acids and codons. Indicate the various levels of specificity possessed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that are essential for high-fidelity translation of messenger RNA molecules.Substrate Binding by RNA Polymerase RNA polymerase has t binding sites for ribonucleoside triphosphates: the initiation site and the elongation site. The initiation site has a greater Km for NTPs than the elongation site. Suggest what possible significance this fact might have for the control of transcription in cells.A normal mRNA that reads 5’ - UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’ has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5' -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)