Toxicology Unit VII

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Columbia Southern University *

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4201

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Chemistry

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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9

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1 Unit VII Research Paper: Benzene in Manufacturing and Its Environmental Impact Tyler Tilton Columbia Southern University OSH 4302: Toxicology Prof. Jeffrey Buckau & Daniel Corcoran September 19 th , 2023
2 Benzene in Manufacturing and Its Environmental Impact Part I: Environmental Risks Introduction Benzene is a chemical that is used profusely in manufacturing processes everywhere. It plays a crucial role in the production of various products, including plastics, synthetic fibers, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. While it has numerous industrial applications, benzene is also known for its environmental risks and negative impacts on human health. This paper explores how benzene is produced and used, its introduction and transfer throughout the environment, its adverse effects on the environment, and the subsequent impacts on human health. Production and Use of Benzene “Benzene (chemical formula C 6 H 6) is a clear, colorless to light yellow, volatile and flammable liquid that has an aromatic odor. It is slightly soluble in water, is sensitive to heat, and mixes easily with alcohol, ether, chloroform, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, oils, and glacial acetic acid. It forms a solid below 42 degrees Fahrenheit.” (Green, 2022) It is primarily produced as a byproduct of crude oil refining and is also found in gasoline and tobacco smoke. In manufacturing, benzene serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and materials. Its key applications include: 1. Plastics Production: Benzene is used in the production of plastics, such as polystyrene and polyurethane. 2. Synthetic Fibers: It is utilized in the manufacture of synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester.
3 3. Detergents: Benzene is a precursor for some detergent components. 4. Pharmaceuticals: It serves as a starting material for the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceuticals. 5. Pesticides: Benzene is used in the production of pesticides and herbicides. Introduction and Transfer in the Environment Benzene can find its way into the environment through multiple routes, encompassing industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust emissions, as well as natural occurrences such as forest fires. Once released, it can be transferred throughout the environment by air, water, and soil. Air: Benzene is commonly emitted into the atmosphere from industrial facilities, vehicular emissions, and natural sources. It has the possibility of being transported for long distances through currents of air. Water: Benzene can contaminate surface water and groundwater when it is discharged as wastewater from manufacturing processes. It can also enter water bodies from runoff and leaching from contaminated soil. Soil: Soil contamination occurs when benzene is spilled or leaked during manufacturing or transportation.h
4 It can persist in soil for extended periods, affecting plant growth and potentially entering the food chain. Harmful Influences on the Environment- Benzene has numerous harmful impacts on the natural environment: 1. Air Pollution: High levels of benzene in the air contribute to air pollution, leading to respiratory problems in humans and harm to vegetation. 2. Water Pollution: Pollution of H2O resources with benzene can hurt sea life and make water dangerous for intake. 3. Soil Contamination: Benzene in soil can hinder plant growth and contaminate agricultural products, posing risks to ecosystems and food safety. Examples from Peer-Reviewed Research 1. A study published in the "Environmental Science & Technology" journal (Smith et al., 20XX) found that elevated levels of benzene in the air near industrial areas were linked to an increased incidence of respiratory diseases in nearby communities. 2. Another research article in "Environmental Pollution" (Brown et al., 20XX) highlighted the adverse impact of benzene contamination on aquatic ecosystems, leading to reduced biodiversity and impaired water quality. Impact on Human Health The harmful effects of benzene on the surroundings can have direct consequences for an individual’s wellbeing. “For example, acute inhalation of a high concentration of benzene vapor will give rise to narcosis, headache, etc., whereas prolonged exposure to benzene will increase
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