Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9.3, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Erwin Chargaff was a scientist who worked very hard upon the nitrogenous bases. He stated that “adenine pairs to thymine with two hydrogen bonds and guanine always pairs to cytosine with the help of three hydrogen bonds.”
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If a virus particle contained double-stranded B-DNA of 400,000 base pairs,
A. How many complete helical turns would occur on each strand?
B. How many atoms of phosphorus would be present?
C. If the mole % of G in this genome is 17%, what is the mole % of A?
Refer to Figure 2 and compare this with the DNA model in Figure 1.
a. In what ways are they similar?
b. In what ways are they different?
c. What is the biological significance of such differences? Why is the DNA referred to as the genetic material?
All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT
a. DNA forms described by Watson and Crick have right handed helix except of Z-DNA form
b. In case of Z-DNA form, the deoxyribose phosphate backbone forms a "Zigzag structure"
c. Inverted DNA sequence repeat that happens within each individual strand of the DNA, called cruciform
d. Plasmid carries genes that convey antibiotic resistance to the host bacterium
Chapter 9 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 9.1 - Look ahead to Figure 17.10. How does bacterial...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - A nucleotide composed of deoxyribose, phosphate,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.3 - To determine the structure of DNA, Watson and...
Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.6 - A nucleosome is composed of 146 bp or 147 bp of...Ch. 9.6 - After they have replicated and become compacted in...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 9.6 - Which of the following is the correct order for...Ch. 9 - What is/are the main component(s) of chromosomes?...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Of the following statements, which is correct when...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6TYCh. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - The conversion of euchromatin into heterochromatin...Ch. 9 - What are the four criteria that the genetic...Ch. 9 - What are the key features of DNA that allow it to...Ch. 9 - PRINCIPLES A principle of bioloy is that structure...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 9 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Discuss the reasons why proteins were generally favored overDNA as the genetic material before 1940. What was the role ofthe tetranucleotide hypothesis in this controversy?arrow_forwardWhich of the following experimental results was NOT evidence that DNA is the genetic molecule rather than proteins? a. When a virus was radioactively labelled, and the virus was allowed to infect a bacteria cell, radioactive virus DNA was found inside the bacteria cell while radioactive virus proteins were found outside the cell. b. Dead pathogenic bacteria cells combined with living nonpathogenic bacteria cells caused the creation of living pathogenic cells and thus the death of the host animal. c. Proteins are a class of macromolecules with the diversity and specificity needed for hereditary material. d. Nucleotide bases occur regularly, such that the number of adenines = number of thymines, and the number of guanines = number of cytosines.arrow_forward1) Proposed a double-helix model of DNA 2) Found the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.arrow_forward
- "Chargaff's rules" about the composition of bases in DNA dictates that A. the sum of purine residues must equal the sum of pyrimidine residues. B. the sum of A-T base pairs must equal the sum of G-C base pairs. C. the base composition of DNA is the same in all species. D. DNA specimens isolated from different tissues of the same species vary in base composition.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does NOT describe DNA as it occurs in Eukaryotic cells. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: 1. nitrogenous bases of opposite strands are paired through covalent bonds 2. base pairs are stacked 3.4 A (0.34 nm) apart 3. the two strands of one double helix are complementary 4. two long polynucleotide chains 5. there are 20 base pairs per each turn of a double helix 6. adenine pairs with thymine of the neighboring nucleotide in a single DNA strand 7. bases face outside of the double helix 8. consecutive nucleotides of a single DNA strand are linked by hydrogen bonds 9. here are A-T and G-C pairs in DNA double helix 10. sugar-phosphate backbone of a single DNA strand is formed by linking deoxyribose units and phosphate groups through phosphodiester bonds 11. the two strands of one helix are antiparallel 12.double helix 13. the larger major groove alternates with the smaller minor groove along the length of the double stranded DNA I tried 2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13 together and got it…arrow_forwardThe bases in the genetic material of Skrulls are named A, B, C and E. A pairs with E and B pairs with C. Therefore there are A-E base pairs and B-c base pairs. A human scientist has four sequences read 5’ to 3’. A single strand of the genetic material is given (assuming that Skrull genetic material is double stranded). ABBECEAABBCBBACCBCBAACABACCCABAEAACAEBEBBCEBBACAEECAAECECAAE ACCAEACBBBCEEABAECBACCCBACCCBACCCBACCCBACCCEBCAACBAEABCEBAEC BBECAAACBACBECABCEAABCBECBCACBBEBABCBBEABCAEACWBAEEABBEACBAE BCEAAEECABBEBCECCAECAABCBBCEECBACAECCECBCEAAEECABBEBCCAE Which of the four sequences would have the highest probability for deletions of more than a few base pairs?arrow_forward
- The bases in the genetic material of Skrulls are named A, B, C and E. A pairs with E and B pairs with C. Therefore there are A-E base pairs and B-c base pairs. A human scientist has four sequences read 5’ to 3’. A single strand of the genetic material is given (assuming that Skrull genetic material is double stranded). ABBECEAABBCBBACCBCBAACABACCCABAEAACAEBEBBCEBBACAEECAAECECAAE ACCAEACBBBCEEABAECBACCCBACCCBACCCBACCCBACCCEBCAACBAEABCEBAEC BBECAAACBACBECABCEAABCBECBCACBBEBABCBBEABCAEACWBAEEABBEACBAE BCEAAEECABBEBCECCAECAABCBBCEECBACAECCECBCEAAEECABBEBCCAE Which of the four sequences would have the highest probability for having a hotspot for frameshift sequences?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true for double-stranded DNA? All of the given choices are true. The amount of A is the same as the amount of T, and the amount of G is the same as the amount of C. O The amount of A is the same as the amount of G, and the amount of T is the same as the amount of C. The amount of A is the same as the amount of C, and the amount of G is the same as the amount of T.arrow_forwardFigure 3: Restrictrion site map showing the following: A) linear DNA that is not cut as reference B) DNA cut with BamHI, C) DNA cut with EcoRI, D) DNA cut with Hindlll 1. Calculate the size of the resulting fragments as they will occur after digestion and write the sizes on the maps below. Note that linear DNA has a total size of 48 502 bp A A DNA 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 48,502 (bp)arrow_forward
- Four nucleic-acid samples are analyzed to determine the percentages of nucleotides they contain. Survey the data in the table below to determine which samples are DNA and which are RNA, and specify whether each sample is double-stranded or single-stranded. Justify each answer (DNA and RNA can be both single and double-stranded). A G T U C Sample 1 23% 27% 23% 0 27% Sample 2 35% 35% 0 15% 15% Sample 3 17% 33% 0 17% 33% Sample 4 30% 30% 20% 0 20% Sample A is Sample B is Sample C is Sample D isarrow_forwardIf a virus particle contained double-stranded B-DNA of 400,000 base pairs, A. What would be the length (in Angstroms) of the DNA before packing into the virus? B. What would be the radius of the DNA fiber before packing into the virus?arrow_forwardIn proteins, a peptide read from the N terminal to the C terminal. Is there a kind of direction in DNA/RNA as well? Briefly explain. What does Chargaff’s rules mean? Who proposed DNA was a double helix? In what decade? If one DNA single strand has the sequence 5’-AATGCAA-3’, what is the sequence of its complementary strand? When DNA replicates, how is it able to “unwind” its double helix?arrow_forward
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