Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 3E
Explain why bonds occur at specific average bond distances instead of the atoms approaching each other infinitely close.
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The energy required to break the H - CI bond to give H* and Cl would not be called the H-CI bond energy. Explain by selecting all
correct statements.
The bond energy is the energy needed to break the bond and form H and Cl atoms.
The bond energy is the energy needed to break the bond and form H and CI*.
The statement is incorrect, the process that forms H* and CI' is the bond energy.
O The electrons in the bond must split evenly between the atoms involved.
Explain Bond Dissociation Energy ?
Which statement about the bond energies of nitrogen, iodine, and fluorine gases is correct?
The atoms in fluorine gas are held together by a triple bond.
Fluorine gas and nitrogen gas have similar bond energies.
The bond in nitrogen gas is the most difficult to break.
Iodine gas has the highest bond energy.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 8 - Explain how and bonds are similar and how they...Ch. 8 - Draw a curve that describes the energy of a system...Ch. 8 - Explain why bonds occur at specific average bond...Ch. 8 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 8 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 8 - How many and bonds are present in the molecule...Ch. 8 - A friend tells you N2 has three bonds due to...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for CO2 and CO, and...Ch. 8 - Why is the concept of hybridization required in...Ch. 8 - Give the shape that describes each hybrid orbital...
Ch. 8 - Explain why a carbon atom cannot form five bonds...Ch. 8 - What is the hybridization of the central atom in...Ch. 8 - A molecule with the formula AB3 could have one of...Ch. 8 - Methionine, CH3SCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H, is an amino...Ch. 8 - Sulfuric acid is manufactured by a series of...Ch. 8 - Two important industrial chemicals, ethene, C2H4,...Ch. 8 - For many years after they were discovered, it was...Ch. 8 - Consider nitrous acid, HNO2 (HONO). (a) Write a...Ch. 8 - Strike-anywhere matches contain a layer of KClO3...Ch. 8 - Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures for NF3 and PP5. On the...Ch. 8 - In addition to NF3, two other fluoro derivatives...Ch. 8 - The bond energy of a C—C single bond averages 347...Ch. 8 - For the carbonate ion, CO32, draw all of the...Ch. 8 - A useful solvent that will dissolve salts as well...Ch. 8 - For the molecule allene, H2C=C=CH2, give the...Ch. 8 - Identify the hybridization of the central atom in...Ch. 8 - Describe the molecular geometry and hybridization...Ch. 8 - For each of the following molecules, indicate the...Ch. 8 - For each of the following structures, determine...Ch. 8 - Draw the orbital diagram for carbon in CO2 showing...Ch. 8 - Sketch the distribution of electron density in the...Ch. 8 - How are the following similar, and how do they...Ch. 8 - If molecular orbitals are created by combining...Ch. 8 - Can a molecule with an odd number of electrons...Ch. 8 - Can a molecule with an even number of electrons...Ch. 8 - Why are bonding molecular orbitals lower in energy...Ch. 8 - Calculate the bond order for an ion with this...Ch. 8 - Explain why an electron in the bonding molecular...Ch. 8 - Predict the valence electron molecular orbital...Ch. 8 - Determine the bond order of each member of the...Ch. 8 - For the first ionization energy for an N2...Ch. 8 - Compare the atomic and molecular orbital diagrams...Ch. 8 - Which of the period 2 homonuclear diatomic...Ch. 8 - A friend tells you that the 2s orbital for...Ch. 8 - True or false: Boron contains 2s22p1 valence...Ch. 8 - What charge would be needed on F2 to generate an...Ch. 8 - Predict whether the MO diagram S2 would show s-p...Ch. 8 - Explain why N22+ is diamagnetic, while O24+, which...Ch. 8 - Using the MO diagrams, predict the bond order for...
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- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardWhat aspect of the following Lewis structure indicates that the concept of coordinate covalency is needed to explain the bonding in the molecule?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms form bonds with each other? Why do some elements exist as molecules in nature instead of as free atoms?arrow_forward
- hy do atoms form bonds with one another? What can make a molecule favored compared with the lone atoms?arrow_forwardhat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?arrow_forwardWhy does the bond length separating the nuclei of two adjacent atoms get smaller as the number of bonds between them increases, i.e. double and triple bonds?arrow_forward
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