Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon that has nine carbon atoms, three double bonds and one ring.
Interpretation: The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon that has nine carbon atoms, three double bonds and one ring is to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The compounds that have double bonds or triple bonds are called unsaturated compounds.
(b)
To determine: The number of elements of unsaturation implied by the molecular formula
Interpretation: The number of elements of unsaturation implied by the molecular formula
Concept introduction: The compounds that have double bond or triple bond are called unsaturated compounds. Alkenes are the unsaturated compounds that have double number of hydrogen atoms than the number of carbon atoms.
(c)
To determine: The five structures of the compound that have the molecular formula
Interpretation: The five structures of the compound that have the molecular formula
Concept introduction: The structure of the compound is the graphic representation of the molecular formula that shows that the arrangement of the atoms in the compound.
The compounds having same molecular formula and different structural arrangement of the atoms are called isomers of that compound. Isomers are of two types; structural isomers and stereoisomer. The Structural isomers can be chain isomer, position isomer and
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardWhat are aromatic hydrocarbons? Benzene exhibits resonance. Explain. What are the bond angles in benzene? Give a detailed description of the bonding in benzene. The electrons in benzene are delocalized, while the electrons in simple alkenes and alkynes are localized. Explain the difference.arrow_forwardConsider a sample of a hydrocarbon at 0.959 atm and 298 K. Upon combusting the entire sample in oxygen, you collect a mixture of gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor at 1.51 atm and 375 K. This mixture has a density of 1.391 g/L and occupies a volume four times as large as that of the pure hydrocarbon. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon and name it.arrow_forward
- Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons. a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms. b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane. c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible. d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes. e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes. f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.arrow_forwardHow does the structure of a cycloalkane differ from that of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkane?arrow_forward
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