Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 33.2, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
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The diffusion of potassium ions along its concentration gradient leads to an electrical gradient or not. The net diffusion of potassium ion stops due to some reason.
Introduction:
The
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Chapter 33 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 33.1 - Which of the following is false? The CNS of...Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.2 - The resting membrane potential occurs because the...Ch. 33.3 - Are ions the only substances that can move through...Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 33.3 - Which is false? Graded potentials may die out or...Ch. 33.3 - Action potentials require a threshold potential...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 33.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 33.7 - Therapeutic drugs that reduce symptoms of...Ch. 33 - Prob. 1TYCh. 33 - Prob. 2TYCh. 33 - Prob. 3TYCh. 33 - Neurons that function mainly in connecting other...Ch. 33 - Prob. 5TYCh. 33 - Prob. 6TYCh. 33 - Prob. 7TYCh. 33 - Prob. 8TYCh. 33 - Prob. 9TYCh. 33 - Prob. 10TYCh. 33 - Describe the differences between graded and action...Ch. 33 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 33 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 33 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 33 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Distinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?arrow_forwardGlucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential is established by? The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell A larger diffusion of K+ out of the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ into the cell A larger diffusion of K+ into the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ out of the cell a) and d) b) and c)arrow_forward
- Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestinearrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential…A) Can be approximated using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation.B) Represents a difference in charges across the cell membrane, resulting mostly from the passive flow of Na+ions.C) Has no influence on the driving force that acts on different ions across the cell membrane.D) Is equally dependent on the concentration gradients of potassium and sodium across the cell membrane.E) Becomes hyperpolarized during an excitatory graded potential.arrow_forwardChloride ions (Cl-) behave a bit differently to Na+ and K+ in that most cells don't have active Cl- transporters. As a result, the concentration gradient for Cl- is not 'set' like it is for Na+ and K+. There are, however, a limited number of Cl- leak channels in the cell membrane. As a result, Eci generally matches resting membrane potential - around - 70mV. Considering this, answer the following questions. If Cl- can cross the cell membrane, is not being actively transported, and membrane potential is -70mV, will there be a concentration gradient for Cl-?arrow_forward
- the maximal rate of solute movement during diffusion is greater than during mediated transport true or false?arrow_forwardwhat are the two types of facilitated diffusion and what is an example of each?arrow_forwardFor most neurons, the extracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl-) is 108 mM, whilethe intracellular concentration of Cl- is 5 mM.If the plasma membrane becomes more permeable to Cl-, would there be Clinflux or Cl- efflux at an RMP of -70 mV? Why?arrow_forward
- Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?arrow_forwardCells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.arrow_forwardName the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?arrow_forward
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