Concept explainers
Interpretation: To identify the correct statement concerning
Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate units which cannot be hydrolyzed further to give the smallest units. Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula
Polysaccharides contain many carbohydrate units that vary from 100 to 50,000 monosaccharide units. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.
A reactant is defined as the substance that is initially present in the
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Chapter 24 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- 15.7) Determine whether each of the following changes is an oxidation or reduction. a) gain of electrons reduction b) loss of electrons oxidation c) Fe²+ to Fe³+ oxidation d) NADH to NAD+ oxidation lost bond to hydrogen atom e) FAD to FADH₂ reduction gained bond to hydrogen atom f) CH4 to CO₂ oxidation gained bonds to oxygen atoms and lost bonds to hydrogen atoms g) NAD+ to NADH reduction gained bond to hydrogen atom EXPLANATION: A useful mnemonic to differentiate oxidation and reduction is the term "OILRIG" (Oxidation is the Loss of electrons; Reduction is the Gain of electrons). It is possible to identify redox reactions for inorganic compounds by inspecting the chemical equation and determining if electrons are transferred from one species to another. If the charge of an atom or ion in a reactant was increased (toward positive) in the conversion of reactants to products, an oxidation occurred. If the charge of an atom or ion in a reactant was decreased (toward negative) in the…arrow_forwardQuestion. What is the process of glucose creation from lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids? saccharification glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis glycolysis hydrolysis Question 6 What conformation of B subunits contributes to form ATP? F1 conformation open conformation loose conformation tight conformation O conformationarrow_forwardAt the end of glycolysis, how many pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules are produced from 10 glucose molecules? O 10 O 20 O 60 answer not givenarrow_forward
- QUESTION 6 What Citric Acid Cycle intermediate is derived from the following amino acid? HO Citrate Aconitate Isocitrate NH₂ H₂ H₂ -C -C -CH Alpha-Ketoglutarate OH |arrow_forwardCitric Acid Cycle questions a) Since carbons arrive from glucose via acetyl CoA, what carbons from glucose are in Acetyl CoA? Number them in Acetyl CoA using the original number from glucose. b) Are any carbons from acetyl CoA removed as CO2 during the first "turn" of the citric acid cycle? c) What glucose carbon(s) is (are) the first to be removed as CO2 in the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardFir Go Carbon monoxide poisoning is lethal because CO binds to hemoglobin tighter than 0₂. Which one of the following components of the citric acid cycle will be depleted first in a carbon monoxide poisoning? acetyl-CoA citrate Oisocitrate NAD O None because O2 is not part of the Citric Acid Cyclearrow_forward
- The reaction converting glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate (energetically unfavorable) can be coupled with the conversion of ATP to ADP (energetically favorable): → glycerol-3-phosphate + H20 ADP + HPO42- + H+ glycerol + HPO4²- ATP + H20 Part A What are the net products of the coupled reactions above? Check all that apply. • View Available Hint(s) glycerol НРО 2- glycerol-3-phosphate H2O ATP ADP H+arrow_forwardIdentify the metabolic transformation that has occurred NH2 Selected Answer: B. Oxidative deamination Answers: A. Oxidative N-dealkylation B. Oxidative deamination C. N-oxidationarrow_forward1. 2 ATPis gained in which of the following process? A. Formation of glucose 6-phosphate B. Formation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate C. Formation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate D. Formation of pyruvate E. None of the abovearrow_forward
- 11. What is the energy yield in ATP molecules associated with each of the following : a. Glucose > 2 pyruvate ( aerobic / anaerobic conditions) b. NADH → NAD+ c. 2 pyruvate > 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 CO2 d. acetyl-CoA > 2CO, + 3NADH + FADH; ( CAC ) e. FADH2 → FAD f. Glucose + 6 02 > 6 CO2 + 6 H20 g. CAC, combined with the ETC ( acetyl-CoA → 2CO2)arrow_forwardQuestion 28 CHOH CHOH A CHOH CHOH 1 CH2 CHOH OH OH OH CH 3 CHOH OH OH он CH он он B 2 OH CH Which lettered subunit is the reducing end? O A В There is more than one reducing end on this sugar structurearrow_forwardA series of chemical reactions convert a polypeptide into 13 acetyl COAS. This acetyl CoA goes into the citric acid cycle and then all of the NADH and FADH2 produced are covnerted to ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. How måny total ATP is produced from this acetyl CoA including the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation? Your Answer: Answer unitsarrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,