Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Lewis structure, hybridization, and bond angle of
Concept Introduction:
Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,
The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:
The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:
Answer to Problem 2F.14E
Hybridization of
Explanation of Solution
The molecule
The symbol for xenon is
The symbol for oxygen is
Thus total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
The skeleton structure
To complete the octet of xenon it forms a double bond with three oxygen atom.
Hence, 14 electrons are allocated as 2 lone pairs on each oxygen atoms and 1 lone pair on xenon atom to complete their octet. The Lewis structure is as follows:
In the structure of
Substitute 3 for number of atoms bonded with central atom and 1 for lone pair on central atom in equation (1) to calculate steric number.
Since, the steric number of the molecule
The molecule
The symbol for xenon is
The symbol for oxygen is
Thus total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
The skeleton structure
To complete the octet of xenon it forms a double bond with four oxygen atoms.
Hence, 16 electrons are allocated as 2 lone pairs on each oxygen atoms to complete its octet. The Lewis structure is as follows:
In the structure of
Substitute 4 for atoms bonded with central atom and 0 lone pair on central atom in equation (1) to calculate steric number.
Since, the steric number of the molecule
The molecule
The symbol for xenon is
The symbol for oxygen is
Four negative charges on molecule are added up in the total valence count.
Thus total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
The skeleton structure
To complete the octet of xenon it forms a double bond with two oxygen atoms.
Hence, 32 electrons are allocated as 2 lone pairs on two doubly bonded oxygen atoms and 3 lone pairs on remaining oxygen atoms to complete their octet. The Lewis structure is as follows:
In the structure of
Substitute 6 for number of atoms bonded with central atom and 0 for lone pair on central atom in equation (1) to calculate steric number.
Since the steric number of the molecule
Bond order is the number of electrons involved between the two atoms in a molecule. Bond order is inversely related to bond length.
In
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- It is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhich has the greater bond lengths: NO2 or NO3? Explain.arrow_forward
- Identify the hybrid orbitals used by boron in BCl3 and in BCl4, the ion formed from the reaction of BCl3 and Cl. Explain your choices.arrow_forward. Assume that the third-period element phosphorus forms a diatomic molecule, P2, in an analogous way as nitrogen does to form N2. (a) Write the electronic configuration for P2. Use [Ne2] to represent the electron configuration for the first two periods. (b) Calculate its bond order. (c) What are its magnetic properties (diamagnetic or paramagnetic)?arrow_forwardb What is the electron-pair geometry for S in SF4 ? What is the the shape (molecular geometry) of SF4?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning