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Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 2TMW
Summary Introduction
To determine:
How it is possible that a newborn’s antibodies against HIV were shown earlier through ELISA and after six months, the same test was negative.
Introduction:
For identifying various antibodies or antigens in the serum, scientists have developed various serological tests. A type of serological testing is the labeled antibody tests and ELISA is one of them. These are so named as labeled antibody tests because these tests require the molecules of antibodies which link to the labels (molecular) and could be easily detected.
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Students have asked these similar questions
To diagnose someone with HIV, what do they look for in the blood?
You have a patient who has been injured by a rusty nail. As a precaution, you vaccinate her against tetanus.
In response to the vaccine, how does her body produce antibodies against C. tetani and prevent future illness due to tetanus?
A)B cells that produce an appropriate antibody undergo genomic rearrangement in order to produce other cells that secrete the same antibody.
B)Every cell in her immune system produces antibodies against C. tetani.
C)B cells with an appropriate antibody are stimulated to divide, producing plasma cells that make antibodies to C. tetani, and memory cells that "remember" C. tetani.
D)Every B cell in her body produces antibodies against C. tetani.
To diagnosis, we used a procedure known as a "sandwich ELISA" (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay).
1.In the "ELISA sandwich," what is the "meat"?
2.Both patients A and B had positive results. Why are these two patients' outcomes so different?
3.What is one potential cause of an ELISA false negative result? What is one potential cause of an ELISA false positive result? What is another example of how an ELISA assay should be used?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TMWCh. 17 - Prob. 1MCCh. 17 - Prob. 2MCCh. 17 - Prob. 3MCCh. 17 - Prob. 4MCCh. 17 - Prob. 5MCCh. 17 - Prob. 6MCCh. 17 - Prob. 8MCCh. 17 - Prob. 10MCCh. 17 - Prob. 11MC
Ch. 17 - Prob. 12MCCh. 17 - Prob. 13MCCh. 17 - Prob. 14MCCh. 17 - Prob. 1TFCh. 17 - Prob. 2TFCh. 17 - Prob. 3TFCh. 17 - Prob. 4TFCh. 17 - ___________________ ELISA has basically replaced...Ch. 17 - Match the characteristic in the first column with...Ch. 17 - Identify the chemicals represented by this artists...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2VICh. 17 - Prob. 1SACh. 17 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 17 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4SACh. 17 - Prob. 5SACh. 17 - Compare and contrast herd immunity and contact...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7SACh. 17 - Is it ethical to approve the use of a vaccine that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2CTCh. 17 - Discuss the importance of costs and technical...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4CTCh. 17 - Prob. 5CTCh. 17 - Prob. 6CTCh. 17 - Prob. 7CTCh. 17 - Prob. 8CTCh. 17 - Explain why many health organizations promote...Ch. 17 - Contrast a hemagglutination test with a viral...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11CTCh. 17 - Prob. 12CTCh. 17 - Prob. 1CM
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- What is one reason SARS-CoV-2 can remain undetected in a person? a.)it isn't able to replicate unless you are also sick with another type of virus b.)its genome produces proteins that prevent our immune system from noticing it c.)it causes your immune system to shut down d.)it is prevented from infecting a cell for one year after entering your bodyarrow_forwardLet’s say there are two closely related viruses, let’s call them Guernsey virus and Micro virus. These two viruses only infect epithelial cells. Their surface antigens are sufficiently similar that there are a number of shared epitopes between the two viruses. Choose one of the following: A) If you get infected and successfully recover from one virus, it’s quite possible that you’ll have neutralizing antibodies against the other. B) If you get infected and successfully recover from one virus, you’ll still be susceptible to the other one because the antigens aren’t exactly the same. C) If you get infected and successfully recover from one virus, it’s likely that getting infected with the other virus will be worse because of the common phenomena of antibody-dependent enhancement. D) Not enough information has been given.arrow_forwardIf you were using the ELISA to look for the presence of antibodies and the sample gave a negative result, does this mean that there were no antibodies present? Explain.arrow_forward
- What is the point to labeling a secondary antibody with a marker that can be visualized instead of just labeling the primary antibody?arrow_forward____________ are suspensions of killed or live germs which is employed to induce the production of antibodies and bring forth immunity.a) Vaccines b) Medicines c) Antibiotics d) Antigensarrow_forwardYou performed an elisa test in the lab to detect antibody against HIV in the patients serum. The test was found to be 96% sensitive. What does that mean?arrow_forward
- Why is it better to use an unlabeled primary antibody and a labeled secondary over just labeling the primary antibody?arrow_forwardYou performed an Elisa test in the lab to detect antibody against HIV in the patient's serum. The test was found to be 96% sensitive. What does that mean? A western blot was used on the same sample to confirm, and the test was found to be 99% specific. What does that mean?arrow_forwardAll of the following are true concerning the Alere HIV test except: a)this test can detect infection 10 days post exposure b)the presence of three lines on the test indicates a positive reaction for anitgen and antibody against HIV c)unlike Oraquick the test is run with blood sample only and not oral fluid d)the presence of a single line indicates that a person has antibodies but no antigen for HIV e)this is a test that is considered both a direct and indirect test for HIV diagnosisarrow_forward
- This virtual lab was testing for lupus. How is this same test used to test for the presence of HIV? If the results for an HIV test were the same as in this exercise, what would they indicate about the three patients?arrow_forwardIf the patient's mother had previously vaccinated her son against chickenpox, what form of immunity would he have had against the virus? A) Active natural immunity B) Passive natural immunity C) Active artificial immunity D) Passive artificial immunityarrow_forwardA person with type A+ blood gets a transfusion with type O- blood. What is most likely to happen to the recipient? A) The recipient's blood will agglutinate (clump) due to the presence of natural antibodies in the recipient's blood. B) Nothing because the donor's blood is compatible with the recipient's blood. C) The recipient's blood will agglutinate (clump) due to the presence of natural antigens on the recipient's blood cells.arrow_forward
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