How many electrons can occupy the first shell? How many can occupy the second shell?
The number of electrons that can occupy first shell and second shell.
Answer to Problem 1RCQ
Solution:
Two electrons can occupy the first shell and eight electrons can occupy the second shell.
Explanation of Solution
In structure of Atom, electrons are found inside the shells. The shells represents the primary energy levels of an atom. Each shell has a set of sub-shells which represents various energy levels of the shells. Each sub-shell (except s-subshell) has further divided on the basis of energy levels – which are called “orbitals”.
Quantum numbers illustrates the possible energy levels and sub-energy levels of an atom. The four types of quantum numbers are – Principal quantum number, Angular quantum number, Magnetic quantum number and Spin quantum number.
Principal quantum number correlates to the possible number of shells in an atom. It is designated as ‘n’. The shells are represented as numerical positive integers 1, 2, 3, etc or alphabetically – K, L, M, N etc.
Angular quantum number gives the energy levels within the shell – which is also known as sub-shells. It also represents the shape of the sub-shells. Accordingly K-shell has only one sub-shell termed as‘s’. L-subshell has 2 sub-shells that are‘s’ and ‘p’. M-shell has 3 sub-shells that are termed as‘s’, ‘p’ and‘d’ and so on.
Magnetic quantum number explains about the possible energy levels of the sub-shells. They are called “orbitals”.
Spin quantum number represents the spin of the electron that occupy in the orbital.
According to Aufbau’s principle, electrons are occupied from the lowest energy level to highest energy level.
According to Hund’s rule, electrons are singly occupied in all the orbitals of the sub-shells and all those electrons have parallel spin. After the electrons are singly occupied, electrons further occupy the singly filled orbitals with opposite spin. This relates to Pauli’s exclusion principle which states an orbital can have only two electrons which must have opposite spins with respect to each other.
Each orbital can accommodate two electrons of opposite spins. The first shell has one s-orbital and 2 electrons are occupied in it. The second shell has 2 sub-shells – s and p. Six electrons are occupied in the 3 p-orbitals as two electrons per p-orbital. Further the p-subshell also has an s-orbital and 2 electrons can be occupied there. Totally 8 electrons can occupy the second shell.
Conclusion:
The number of electrons that can occupy first shell and second shell have been determined
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Essential University Physics: Volume 2 (3rd Edition)
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
- A loss of an oxide atom results in a 'vacancy'. The presence of these vacancies is required for conductivity in the solid state. How many vacancies will be in the doped cell? Explain how these vacancies allow oxide ions to move through the material.arrow_forwardAn isolated LiCl molecule has its chloride ion (mass = 35 atomic mass units) at x = 0 pm , and its lithium ion (mass = 7 u) at x= 202 pm. What is the molecule's mass? depends on the chlorine isotope O 20 u 42 u O 28 uarrow_forwardSOlution Only, Thanks sd2q8e7q8293ehawarrow_forward
- Which one of the following junctions satisfy Ig+lD = IA+lc? Case 1 Case 2 Case 5 it Case 3 Case 4 O Case 1 O Case 4 O Case 3 O Case 5 O Case 2arrow_forwardGraphite has hexagonal crystal lattice which contains four atoms per unit cell at positions of (0 0 0), (1/3 2/3 0), (O 0 1/2) and (2/3 1/3 1 12). Show that the structure factor is given by the following equations. Hint: e^ix+e^- .ix=2cosxarrow_forwardAnswer only for c1 (i)arrow_forward
- sc 8, 9, 10arrow_forwardQUESTION 3 The solid phase of an element follows van-der Waals bonding with inter-atomic potential:arrow_forwardNanotechnology, the field of trying to build ultrasmall structures one atom at a time, has progressed in recent years. One potential application of nanotechnology is the construction of artificial cells. The simplest cells would probably mimic red blood cells, the body's oxygen transporters. For example, nanocontainers, perhaps constructed of carbon, could be pumped full of oxygen and injected into a person's bloodstream. If the person needed additional oxygen-due to a heart attack perhaps, or for the purpose of space travel-these containers could slowly release oxygen into the blood, allowing tissues that would otherwise die to remain alive. Suppose that the nanocontainers were cubic and had an edge length of 23 nanometers. A) What is the volume of one nanocontainer? (Ignore the thickness of the nanocontainer's wall.) B)Suppose that each nanocontainer could contain pure oxygen pressurized to a density of 85 g/Lg/L . How many grams of oxygen could be contained by each nanocontainer?…arrow_forward
- Nanotechnology, the field of trying to build ultrasmall structures one atom at a time, has progressed in recent years. One potential application of nanotechnology is the construction of artificial cells. The simplest cells would probably mimic red blood cells, the body's oxygen transporters. For example, nanocontainers, perhaps constructed of carbon, could be pumped full of oxygen and injected into a person's bloodstream. If the person needed additional oxygen-due to a heart attack perhaps, or for the purpose of space travel-these containers could slowly release oxygen into the blood, allowing tissues that would otherwise die to remain alive. Suppose that the nanocontainers were cubic and had an edge length of 23 nanometers. A)What is the volume of one nanocontainer? B)Suppose that each nanocontainer could contain pure oxygen pressurized to a density of 85 g/Lg/L . How many grams of oxygen could be contained by each nanocontainer? C)Normal air contains about 0.28 gg of oxygen per…arrow_forwardIn sodium chloride, how many Clatoms are “nearest neighbors” of Na+ ? How many Na+atoms are "nearest neighbors” of Cl ?arrow_forwardIf there is one free electron per atom of copper, what is the electron number density of this metal?arrow_forward
- University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax