Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The results, observed by Mendel on pea plant monohybrid cross, that disapprove the blending “Theory of Inheritance.”
Introduction:
The monohybrid cross takes into consideration only one trait. Mendel performed monohybrid cross out of the seven traits of Pisum sativum. The cross performed on the pea plant by Mendel were in support of purity of gametes. The result of
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1) Identify the most important advantage that
Mendel's pea plants had for studying the inheritance
of traits
2) Using no more than one sentence, please explain
why this advantage or characteristic was critical for
the success of Mendel's experiments
Mendel describes subjecting each of the 34 varieties of peas he obtained to a two-year trial. During this time he let the plants self-fertilize and observed their offspring. What was he looking for, and what was the purpose of doing this two-year trial?
Explain what Mendel means when he writes that the 3:1 ratio observed in the first generation from the hybrids "resolves itself" into a ratio of 2:1:1
What was the key reason that many biologists found protein better than DNA as a candidate for Mendel’s inherited “factors”?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Why was Mendel’s success dependent on his studying characteristics that exhibit only two easily distinguished phenotypes, such as white versus gray seed coats and round versus wrinkled seeds? Would he have been less successful if he had instead studied traits like seed weight or length of the leaves, which vary much more in their phenotypes? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat could be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for a typical mendelian trait showed in the picture?arrow_forwardWhy was Mendel’s success dependent on his studying characteristics that exhibit only two easily distinguished phenotypes, such as white versus gray seed coats and round versus wrinkled seeds? Would he have been less successful if he had instead studied traits such as seed weight or leaf length, which vary much more in their phenotype?arrow_forward
- What was the second filial (F2) generation in Mendel's experiment?arrow_forwardWhy was Mendel’s success dependent on his studying characteristics that exhibit only two easily distinguished phenotypes, such as white versus gray seed coats and round versus wrinkled seeds? Would he have been less successful if he had instead studied traits such as seed weight or leaf length, which vary much more in their phenotypes? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardAs you know Mendel’s main contribution to genetics was his proposing a model of particulate inheritance. This discovery contradicted the widely held belief that blending inheritance was the true theory that explained hereditary traits. One advantage that Mendel had in choosing garden peas (Pisum sativum) was that he could either allow the pea flowers on a plant to self-pollinate or he could deliberately cross-pollinate the flowers. For his single locus crosses of pure-breeding lines, he would take the F2 offspring of the dominant phenotype (such as yellow seeds) and ensure that each yellow-seeded plant would self-pollinate. He was able to show that 1/3 of all the yellow-seeded plants in this generation bred true while the other 2/3 of the yellow seeded plants showed segregation. Do you believe that this extra experiment gave additional important evidence for the particulate theory of inheritance or did the offspring from the F1 x F1 cross provide enough evidence of Mendel’s First Law?…arrow_forward
- Discuss why Mendel's hybrid offspring begin to exhibit the original traits expressed by the P1 generation or the pure-breeding parents used in the original cross. What would happen if the hybrid offspring were allowed to breed without interference from Mendel for an extended period of time and the different ways plants can breed.arrow_forwardIn one of Mendel’s dihybrid crosses, he observed315 round, yellow; 108 round, green; 101 wrinkled,yellow; and 32 wrinkled, green F2 plants. Analyze thesedata using the x2 test to see if(a) they fit a 9:3:3:1 ratio.(b) the round:wrinkled data fit a 3:1 ratio.(c) the yellow:green data fit a 3:1 ratio.arrow_forwardDescribe in quantitative detail Mendel's results using single traits, for all 3 generations we described in class (P, F₁, and F₂).arrow_forward
- Do the data that Mendel obtained fit his hypotheses?For example, Mendel obtained 315 yellow round, 101yellow wrinkled, 108 green round, and 32 greenwrinkled seeds from the selfing of Yy Rr individuals(a total of 556). His hypotheses of segregation andindependent assortment predict a 9:3:3:1 ratio in thiscase. Use the chi-square test to determine whetherMendel’s data are significantly different from whathe predicted. (The chi-square test did not exist inMendel’s day, so he was not able to test his own datafor goodness of fit to his hypotheses.)arrow_forwardPlease explain and give the name of the 3 Mendel's laws.arrow_forwardHow was Mendel able to derive postulates concerning the behavior of “unit factors” during gamete formation, when he could not directly observe them?arrow_forward
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