Concept explainers
(a)
To determine:
The frequency of the gray allele
Introduction:
Evolution occurs due to change in allele frequencies. The frequency of an allele is calculated as:
Explanation of Solution
It has been mentioned that there are
where,
where,
Thus, frequency of the gray allele
(b)
To determine:
The frequency of the green allele
Introduction:
According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies do not change from one generation to the next.
Explanation of Solution
(c)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are heterozygotes
Introduction:
Individuals that contain different alleles of a gene are called heterozygous. Individuals that carry two identical alleles of a gene are called homozygous. In case of homozygous individual, the identical alleles may be either dominant or recessive.
Explanation of Solution
There are
(d)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are homozygous recessive (
Introduction:
The study of population genetics is based on the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies. Some or all the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are violated in a real population.
Explanation of Solution
(e)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are homozygous dominant (
Introduction:
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows inferring characteristics of a population based on limited information. The genotype frequencies in a population can be estimated using allele frequencies.
Explanation of Solution
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 12 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
- In the Frozen Kingdom, Kristoff and Anna successfully raised a large family, which grew to a total of 50 people. Among the 50 people, 36 have brown eyes and 14 have blue eyes. A dominant allele R confers brown eye colour and a recessive allele r confers blue eye color. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is operating, answer the following questions. a. What is the frequency of the brown allele R? b. What is the frequency of the blue allele r? c. How many children are heterozygotes (Rr)?arrow_forwardFull color (D) in domestic cats is dominant over dilute color (d). Of 325cats observed, 194 have full color and 131 have dilute color.a. If this population of cats is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for thedilution locus, what is the frequency of the dilute (d) allele?b. How many of the 194 cats with full color are likely to be heterozygous?arrow_forwardIn a certain population of frogs, 120 are green, 60 are brownish-green, and 20 are brown. The allele for brown is denoted GB, and the allele for green is designated GG. These two alleles are incompletely dominant to each other. What is the frequency of genotype GGGG in this population?arrow_forward
- I've observed varying egg mimic sizes on female fins: large, small, or none. I found that this trait follows Mendelian genetics with a single locus having two alleles: BB (large mimic), Bb (small mimic), and bb (no mimic). During a recent collection trip, we gathered 211 males with large egg mimics, 156 with small mimics, and 28 with no mimics. Is the locus in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and what's the expected frequency of the small egg mimic phenotype in this population? 1.Yes it is in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.07 2.Yes it is in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.39 3.No it is not in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.53 4.No it is not in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.20 5.No it is not in HW equilibrium, expected = 1.0arrow_forwardThe ability to taste the compound PTC is controlled by a dominant allele T, while individuals homozygous for the recessive allele (t) cannot taste PTC. In a population consisting of 500 individuals, 347 are tasters and 153 are non-PTC tasters. Calculate the frequency of the T and t alleles in this population, and frequency of the genotypes. (Please train yourself to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation.) To present your answers, follow the format in the picture below.arrow_forwardYou are a scientist studying a population of beetles. Beetle color is controlled by two alleles at a single genetic locus. AA beetles are blue, Aa purple, and aa pink. You count 30 blue beetles, 10 purple beetles, and 40 pink beetles. a) What is the frequency of the A allele? [ Select ] b) What is the observed frequency of the Aa genotype? 1 Select ] c) Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the aa gentoype? [ Select ] d) Is this beetle population evolving? I Select ]arrow_forward
- ln a population of turtles, there are yellow-green shells and green shells. The yellow shells are caused by a homozygous recessive gene and the green shells are caused by the dominant gene. Given the following data:AA = 340Aa = 270aa = 120 a) Calculate p and q. b) Use a chi square test to determine if these alleles are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Submit your answer as a pdf or doc file. Show your workarrow_forward1) In cats, the allele for white fur(W) is completely dominant and will result in cats with all white fur in both the homozygous dominant and heterozygous cases. Suppose you look at 50 cats and notice that none of them are completely white. What's the allele frequency for the white fur allele in this population? 2) In carnations, the allele that makes red pigment (R) in flowers is incompletely dominant. Flowers that are red are homozygous dominant and those are pink are heterozygous. White flowers (r) are the result of the recessive allele. Suppose you look at a field of 100 carnations and notice 42 of the plants produce red flowers, 42 have pink flowers, and 16 produce white flowers. What's the allele frequency for both the red (R) and white (r) alleles?arrow_forward(1 point) Humans with the genotypes DD and Dd show the Rh+ blood phenotype, whereas those with the genotype dd show the Rh- blood phenotype. In a sample of 400 Basques from Spain, 230 people were Rh+ and 170 people were Rh-. Assuming that this population is in Hardy-Weinberg proportions, what is the allele frequency of the allele D? (a) (a) 0.348 (answer) (b) (b) 0.652 (c) (c) 0.425 (d) (d) 0.575 (e) (e) 0.288 2. (2 points) In the Basque population mentioned above, what proportion of the Rh+ individuals would be expected to be heterozygote? (a) (a) 0.454 (b) (b) 0.789 (answer) (c) (c) 0.516 (d) (d) 0.250 (e) (e) 0.500 How is the answer for #2, b? please explainarrow_forward
- A total of 1000 members of a Central American population are typed for the ABO blood group. In the sample, 421 have blood type A, 168 have blood type B, 336 have blood type O, and 75 have blood type AB. Part A Use this information to determine the frequency of ABO blood group alleles in the sample. Recall that when considering genes with three alleles whose frequencies are represented by the variables p, q, and r, the sum of genotype frequencies resulting from trinomial expansion is: (p+q+r)² =p² + 2pq+q2+2pr+r²+2gr = 1arrow_forwardIn a certain population of frogs, 120 are green, 60 are brownish-green, and 20 are brown. The allele for brown is denoted GB, and the allele for green is designated GG. These two alleles are incompletely dominant to each other. What is the frequency of the GB allele in this population?arrow_forwardIn a certain population of frogs, 120 are green, 60 are brownish green, and 20 are brown. The allele for brown is denoted GB, and the allele for green is designated GG. These two alleles are incompletely dominant to each other. If this population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many green frogs would you expect to observe? (Remember to multiply the expected frequency by the number of frogs in the population.)arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education