Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 1, Problem 21Q
(a)
To determine
The angular size of the Orion Nebula, by using the information provided in figure 1-7.
(b)
To determine
The comparison between the angular diameters of Orion Nebula and Moon, when they are observed from Earth, by using the information from figure 1-7 and the information about the Moon.
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Use Kepler's 3rd Law and the small angle approximation.
a) An object is located in the solar system at a distance from the Sun equal to 41 AU's . What is the objects orbital period?
b) An object seen in a telescope has an angular diameter equivalent to 41 (in units of arc seconds). What is its linear diameter if the object is 250 million km from you? Draw a labeled diagram of this situation.
Part 3
1. The diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. The diameter of the Moon is 3,474.8 km. Find
the ratio, r= Dsa/Dsvan between the sizes.
2. From the point of view of an obs erver on Eanth (consider the Earth as a point-like object),
during the eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun exactly. Sketch a picture to illustrate this
fact. Use a nuler to get a straight line. Your drawing does not need to be in scale.
3. The Sun is 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) away from the Earth. Find the distance between the
Earth and the Moon in AU's using the ratio of similar triangles. Show your work.
DEM=
AU.
Convert this to kilometers. Use 1 AU = 149,600,000 km.
DEM =
km.
Use this interactive simulation of stellar parallax. Change the distance to the star to values given in column 2. Write down the parallax angle in arcsec for each distance. Convert the parallax angle to
radians. Calculate the distance. If your calculation is correct, your number in the last column should be similar to the number in column 2 (NOT THE SAME!).
1 AU is 4.85 x 10-6 pc
(Don't write units with your answer!)
Measured (true)
Parallax angle n
(in radians) (use 2 significant D (round your answer to 2
figures)
Calculated distance
Object
Parallax angle
(in arcsec)
Distance from
Position
"Sun" in pc
decimal places)
Nearest
0.5
Intermediate
1
Farthest
1.5
Chapter 1 Solutions
Universe
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 1 - Prob. 1QCh. 1 - Prob. 2QCh. 1 - Prob. 3QCh. 1 - Prob. 4QCh. 1 - Prob. 5QCh. 1 - Prob. 6QCh. 1 - Prob. 7Q
Ch. 1 - Prob. 8QCh. 1 - Prob. 9QCh. 1 - Prob. 10QCh. 1 - Prob. 11QCh. 1 - Prob. 12QCh. 1 - Prob. 13QCh. 1 - Prob. 14QCh. 1 - Prob. 15QCh. 1 - Prob. 16QCh. 1 - Prob. 17QCh. 1 - Prob. 18QCh. 1 - Prob. 19QCh. 1 - Prob. 20QCh. 1 - Prob. 21QCh. 1 - Prob. 22QCh. 1 - Prob. 23QCh. 1 - Prob. 24QCh. 1 - Prob. 25QCh. 1 - Prob. 26QCh. 1 - Prob. 27QCh. 1 - Prob. 28QCh. 1 - Prob. 29QCh. 1 - Prob. 30QCh. 1 - Prob. 31QCh. 1 - Prob. 32QCh. 1 - Prob. 33QCh. 1 - Prob. 34QCh. 1 - Prob. 35QCh. 1 - Prob. 36QCh. 1 - Prob. 37QCh. 1 - Prob. 38QCh. 1 - Prob. 39QCh. 1 - Prob. 40QCh. 1 - Prob. 41QCh. 1 - Prob. 42QCh. 1 - Prob. 43QCh. 1 - Prob. 44Q
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- Approximately how many stars are visible with the naked eye in the night sky? (1) Where in the night sky can you observe the famous double star system Mizar and Alcor? (2). What kind of celestial object is Neowise C/2020 F3 and what makes it special? (3). Which very intense meteor shower is taking place annually in December? (4). What are the names of the following three well-known constellations? (5) (7). (6)arrow_forwardA distant galaxy has an apparent magnitude of 13 and is 5,000 kpc away. What is its absolute magnitude? (Round your answer to at least one decimal place.) The difference in absolute magnitude between two objects viewed from the same distance is related to their fluxes by the flux-magnitude relation. FA = 2.51(MB - MA) FB How does the absolute magnitude of this galaxy compare to the Milky Way (M = -21)? F, distant galaxy FMilky Wayarrow_forwardNext you will (1) convert your measurement of the semi-major axis from arcseconds to AU, (2) convert your measurement of the period from days to years, and (3) calculate the mass of the planet using Newton's form of Kepler's Third Law. Use Stellarium to find the distance to the planet when Skynet took any of your images, in AU. Answer: 4.322 AU Use this equation to determine a conversion factor from 1 arcsecond to AU at the planet's distance. You will need to convert ? = 1 arcsecond to degrees first. Answer: 2.096e-5 AU (2 x 3.14 x 4.322 x (.000278/360) = 2.096e-5) Next, use this number to convert your measurement of the moon's orbital semi-major axis from arcseconds to AU. A) Calculate a in AU. B) Convert your measurement of the moon's orbital period from days to years. C) By Newton's form of Kepler's third law, calculate the mass of the planet. D) Finally, convert the planet's mass to Earth masses: 1 solar mass = 333,000 Earth masses.arrow_forward
- Thinking about the Scale of the Solar System As we discussed, the radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. The Sun, on the other hand, is approximately 700,000 km in radius and located, on average, one astronomical unit (1 au=1.5x108 km) from the Earth. Imagine that you stand near Mansueto Library, at the corner of 57th and Ellis. You hold a standard desk globe, which has a diameter of 12 inches, and you want to build a model of the Sun, Earth, and their separation that keeps all sizes and lengths in proportion to one another. a) How big would the Sun be in this scale model? Give your answer in feet and meters. b) The nearest star to the Solar System outside of the Sun is Proxima Centauri, which is approximately 4.2 light years away (a light year is the distance light travels in one year, or approximately 9.5x1012 km). Given the scale model outlined above, how far would a model Proxima Centauri be placed from you? Give your answer in miles and km.arrow_forwardAs we discuss in class, the radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. Theradius of the Sun, on the other hand, is approximately 700,000 km. The Sun is located,on average, one astronomical unit (1 au) from the Earth. Imagine that you stand near Mansueto Library, at the corner of 57th and Ellis.Mansueto’s dome is 35 feet (10.7 meters) high. Let’s imagine we put a model of theSun inside the dome, such that it just fits — that is, the model Sun’s diameter is 35 feet The nearest star to the Solar System outside of the Sun is Proxima Centauri,which is approximately 4.2 light years away. Given the scale model outlined above,how far would a model Proxima Centauri be placed from you? Give your answer inmiles and kmarrow_forwardThe H-R diagram is the most important graph in astronomy. One of the reasons that this graph is so powerful is the number of different kinds of data it shows. Most graphs show two types of data. The H-R diagram shows seven. Can you name these 7 types of information about stars that appear on the H-R diagram?arrow_forward
- 1. These images were taken six months apart, first when Earth was as far to one side of Alpha Centauri as it can get and again when Earth was as far to the other side of Alpha Centauri as it can get. Consequently, the baseline between the two observing positions is how many AU across? Answer: 1.7 arcsec 2. First, convert this to kilometers using your measurement of how many kilometers are in an AU. 3. Now convert the baseline to kilometers using the true value for the number of kilometers in an AU. 4. Calculate the distance to Alpha Centauri using parallax and the true baseline in kilometers. 5. Google and record the true value. 6. Calculate your percent error 7. Discuss significant sources of errorarrow_forwardThe diameter of the Sun is 865,380 miles across while Saturn's diameter is 72,368 miles across. The Sun is _____times bigger than Saturn (give whole number as your answer!). If we could shrink Saturn down to a size of a cherry (diameter is 1 inch across), then Sun would be as big as ______. Use one of the following objects as your answer. Watermelon (average size is 12 inches across) Basketball (average size is 9.5 inches across) Average Halloween pumpkin (average size is 15 inches across) Pumpkin at the Puyallup fair (average size is 40 inches across)arrow_forward1. These images were taken six months apart, first when Earth was as far to one side of Alpha Centauri as it can get and again when Earth was as far to the other side of Alpha Centauri as it can get. Consequently, the baseline between the two observing positions is how many AU across? Answer: 1.7 arcsec USE 1.7 arcsec NOT 2.946 2. First, convert this to kilometers using your measurement of how many kilometers are in an AU. 3. Now convert the baseline to kilometers using the true value for the number of kilometers in an AU. 4. Calculate the distance to Alpha Centauri using parallax and the true baseline in kilometers. 5. Google and record the true value. 6. Calculate your percent error 7. Discuss significant sources of errorarrow_forward
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