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- Is it possible for a B cell heavy chain to have non-templated nucleotides (N) but no p nucleotides (P)?What cells does HIV infect? Explain how HIV enters these cells HIV is a retrovirus. What do retroviruses do once they have entered a host cell? Why is there little to no immune response following infection by HIV? Why is it difficult to diagnose? What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? How does HIV lead to AIDS? How is HIV transmitted? There isn't a drug to cure HIV although drugs are used to keep the viral load low to prevent regression into AIDS. Explain how these drugs work.Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
- Many vaccines provide years of protection against a disease. Why doesn't the influenza vaccine offer more than a few months of protection?How is a plaque similar to a bacterial colony? 33 4 Some antibodies can be passed from mother to child during breastfeeding. What is this type of immunity called? A. Artificial passive B. Natural active C. Artificial active D. Natural passive The diagram represents the production of the hormone insulin in laboratory. Human Insulin Production Human pancreas cell Bacterial DNA & Human insulin- producing gene 60 Bacterium DNA Plasmid DNA Introduction of recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell Plasmid DNA cut with restriction enzymes Recombinant DNA A. Directed mutation B. Gene cloning C. Synthetic transplant D. Acquired immunity Recombinant Bacterium OO Fermentation Tank Human insulin Recombinant bacteria multiplying and producing human insulin in fermentation tank Human insulin https://www.eduhk.hk/biotech/eng/classm/explain/health3.jpg Extraction & purificaion of human insulin Source: The production of human insulin by E. coli is an example of the application of which of the following?
- Which statement is false regarding plasmids? Circular dsDNAs that reside in bacterial cells Replicate independently from host cell Encode no more than 1-2 genes that benefit the host cell Called episomes when they incorporate into the host cell genome Classified by what type of host cell they infecta) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?Refer to the following illustration to answer the question. VI V2 V3 Rearranged DNA in B lymphocyte V250 VI Primary transcript V2 O transcription denaturation of DNA RNA splicing -20 M Immunoglobulin mRNA V3 13 translation V3 13 V3 13 11 J4 In the production of an immunoglobulin light-chain, the joining of the J3 segment with the C segment occurs through: 14 site-specific recombination of DNA C 12
- Explain two ways that some viruses can cause cancer. A couple of sentences answer is fine.The sequence below used the sequence in "1" and encountered a point mutation: TAC-CTA-CGT-AGG-GTT-TAC-ACC-ACA-AGC-CGT -TGG-AAT-GTG-CCA-AAG-TTG-CAG-TGA-AGG-TG A-TGC-TAG-TGA-AAG-CTA-GAT-AGG-GCT-TAT-AT G-AGA-TTT-CGC-CCC-CGA-TAC-GAT-TTG-CTG-A AT-AGA-CTC-GAT-GAA-TCG-CGC-GAT-GTT-ACT a. Determine the mRNA produced by transcription: USE "-" TO SEPARATE CODONS, NO SPACES) b. Determine the amino acid sequence after translation (USE TO SEPARATE AMINO ACIDS, NO SPACES): c. What is the type of point mutation that occurred?11) The difference between SARS-Cov2 replication and FMDV replication? The antigenomic copy in SARS-CoV2 act as a template to produce the genomic RNA and the sub genomic RNA while FMDV , the antigenomic produces the genomic RNA
