Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337705028
Author: Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.15P
(a)
To determine
Find the consolidation settlement in first two years.
(b)
To determine
Find the compression index of the clay, if it is normally consolidated.
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A stratum of normally consolidated clay 7 m thick is located at a depth 12m below ground level. The natural moisture content of the clay is 40.5 per cent and its liquid limit is 48 per cent. The specific gravity of the solid particles is 2.76. The water table is located at a depth 5 m below ground surface. The soil is sand above the clay stratum. The submerged unit weight of the sand is 1 1 kN/m3 and the same weighs 18 kN/m3 above the water table. The average increase in pressure at the center of the clay stratum is 120 kN/m2 due to the weight of a building that will be constructed on the sand above the clay stratum. Estimate the expected settlement of the structure in cm.
a. 9.55
b. 4.96
c. 4.83
d. 23.3
The soil profile at a site consists of 2 m of sand at the groundlevel, underlain by 6 m of clay, followed by a very stiff claystratum that can be assumed to be impervious and incompressible.The water table is at 1.5 m below the ground level. Themoist and saturated unit weights of the sand are 17.0 kN/m3and 18.5 kN/m3, respectively. The clay has an initial void ratioof 0.810, saturated unit weight of 19.0 kN/m3, and coefficientof consolidation of 0.0014 cm2/s.a. When the ground is surcharged with 3 m high compactedfill with moist unit weight of 19.0 kN/m3, the settlementwas 160 mm in the first year. What would be the consolidationsettlement in the first two years?b. If the clay is normally consolidated, what is the compressionindex of the clay?
A 5 m thick clay layer lies between two layers of
sand each 4 m thick, the top of the upper layer
of sand being at ground level. The water table is
2 m below the ground level but the lower layer of
sand is under artesian pressure, the piezometric
surface being 4m above ground level. The
27
saturated unit weight of clay is 20 kN/m³ and that
of sand is 19 kN/m³. Above the water table unit
weight of sand is 16.5 kN/m³. Calculate the
effective vertical stresses at the top and bottom
of the clay layer. Also draw the total vertical stress
diagram in the given soil layers.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Course List)
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- The water content and the total density in a partially saturated sand ( G= 2.64) layer are w=20% and p=1.8 g/cm3 , respectively. If the maximum and minimum values of the void ratio are 0.92 and 0.62, respectively determine the relative density Dr of the sand in this layer.arrow_forwardUnder normal loading condition, a 3.6-m thick clay (normally consolidated) has po = 190 kPa and eo = 1.22. A surcharge of 190 kPa reduces its void ratio to 0.91. The hydraulic conductivity of the clay for the loading range is 6.1 x 10-5 m/day. a. What is the coefficient of volume compressibility of the clay? b. What is the coefficient of consolidation of the clay? c. How long will it take for this clay layer to reach 60% consolidation if it is drained on one side only? Please answer this asap. For upvote. Thank you very mucharrow_forwardThe representative liquid limit and plastic limit values of a saturated consolidate clay deposit are 60% and 30%, respectively. The saturated unit weight of the soil is 19 kN/m³. The water table is at 8m below ground level. At a depth of 10m from the ground surface, what is the undrained shear strength of the soil.arrow_forward
- 1. Under normal loading condition, a 3.6 m thick clay (normally consolidated) has P, = 190 KPa and e, =1.22. A surcharge of 190 KPa reduces its void ratio to 0.98. The hydraulic conductivity of the clay for the loading range is 6.1 x 10ʻ m/day. a. What is the coefficient of volume compressibility of the clay? b. What is the coefficient of consolidation of the clay? c. How long will it take for this clay layer to reach 60% consolidation if it is drained on one side only?arrow_forwardA stratified soil sample has the following profile characteristics: LAYER 1: The upper later is a 4-m thick sand layer with void ration = 0.61 and specific gravity of solids = 2.65. LAYER 2: The lower layer is a 5-m thick clay layer with void ration = 0.48 and specific gravity of solids = 2.67. If the ground water table is situated at the interface between the sand and clay layers, evaluate the effective stress (in kPa) at the bottom of the sand layer, and the effective stress at the bottom of the clay layer.arrow_forwardA 5 m thick clay layer lies between two layers of sand each 4 m thick, the top of the upper layer of sand being at ground level. The water table is 2 m below the ground level but the lower layer of sand is under artesian pressure, the piezometric surface being 4 m above ground level. The saturated unit weight of clay is 20 kN/m3 and that of sand is 19 kN/m³ above the water table unit weight of sand is 16.5 kN/m². Calculate (a) the effective vertical stress at the top and bottom of the clay layer (b) Also draw the total vertical stress diagram in the given soil layers.arrow_forward
- 1) A layer of sand extends from ground level to a depth of 9m and overlies a 6m thick clay layer, which has very low permeability. The water table is 6m below the surface of the sand. For the given soil profile the saturated unit weight of the sand is 18 kN/m³ and the clay is 19 kN/m³; the unit weight of the sand above the water table is 15 kN/m³. Over a short period of time the water table rises by 3m and is expected to remain permanently at this new level. Determine the effective vertical stress at depths of 8 and 12m below ground level for the following situations: a) Immediately after the rise of the water table b) Several years after the rise of the water table. WT(2) WT(1) 0 8 m 12 m SAND CLAY 3m 6 m 9m 6 marrow_forward1.) The soil profile consist of 10 m layer of sand underlain by a 5.5 m layer of clay. The location of water table is 4 m from the ground surface. The unit weight of sand above the water table is 16.05 kN/m^3 and below the saturated unit weight of sand is 18.11 kN/m^3. The clay has a saturated unit weight of 20.73 kN/m^3, void ratio equal to 0.75, and liquid limit of 40. If a uniformly distributed load, Ao = 75 kPa, is applied at the ground surface, what is the settlement of the clay layer caused by primary consolidation if a. The clay is normally consolidated b. The preconsolidation pressure is 200 kN/m^2arrow_forwardAt a planned construction site, a 2 m. thick stratum of normally consolidated clay underlies a surface layer of compact granular soil 3 m. deep. The unit weight for the compact granular soil is 20.2 kN/m3. The clay material has a unit weight of 17.6 kN/m3. The groundwater table is 3 m. from the ground. Laboratory testing of the clay indicates an in-place void ratio of 1.35 and a compression index of 0.42. The building planned for the site will create a stress increase of 24.5 kN/m2 at the center of the clay layer.a) Determine the primary settlement due to stress increase.b) Calculate the primary settlement to be expected if the groundwater table were at the soil surface. Assume that the saturated unit weight is 24 kN/m3.c) Determine the primary settlement occurring in the clay layer if the clay is overconsolidated, Cs = 0.09 and the preconsolidated pressure is 120 kPa.arrow_forward
- : (A) The degree of saturation of a soil is 55% and the moist unit weight is 16.66 kN/m. When the moist unit weight increased to 17.92 kN/m', the degree of saturation increased to 82.2%. Determine: G, and Void ratioarrow_forward16 The degree of saturation of a soil is 55% and the moist unit weight is 16.66 kN/m’. When the moist unit weight increased to 17.92 kN/m³, the degree of saturation increased to 82.2%. Determine: a. G, b. Void ratioarrow_forwardASAParrow_forward
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