EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781305176386
Author: Snyder
Publisher: YUZU
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Question
Chapter 13A.1, Problem 1TTA
To determine
To describe: The reason behind the fact that the theory of choice and studies of urban transit choice do not view the marginal rate of substitution similarly.
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Students have asked these similar questions
a) Chika has calculated the marginal utility that she derives from her paid employment and from leisure. This is presented in table
below. In her ideal world, where she could work as few or as many hours as she wished, how would she allocate her sixteen waking
hours? (She does need to sleep.)
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MU Paid
Employment
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
MU
Leisure
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
hours working and
b) Unfortunately, Chika begins to realize that unless she gets an education she will not enjoy a high salary and therefore, will not be
able to afford more leisure time. She therefore decides to spend six hours each day studying (in addition to her eight hours of sleep).
How will she now divide the remaining hours between work and leisure?
hours working and
hours leisure.
hours leisure.
Jack's marginal utility of consumption is MUc = L - 6, and the marginal utility of leisure is MUL=C-40. Jack does not have any nonlabor income, i.e., V = 0. Jack faces a $48 an hour wage rate. Jack's total number of hours available per week is 150. What is Jack's optimal choice of consumption? (calculate to 2 decimal places)
Consider a consumer who could earn $400 per week and has 50 weeks available each year to allocate between work (H) and nonmarket time (L). They have no non-labour income. Their utility function is U = C2L , where C is the value of consumption goods. What is their optimal choice for the number of weeks in nonmarket time and consumption? Show this in a diagram.
Suppose the government introduces a policy that (i) offers no benefits to people who do not work, (ii) offers a wage subsidy on earnings at a rate of 25%, with a maximum benefit of $5000, and (iii) the benefit is subject to reduction at a rate of 25% for every dollar earned above $20,000 in the year. Show the person’s new budget constraint in a new diagram, and discuss how the person’s optimal choice might change (you do not have to calculate this, but point to where it is likely on the new budget constraint). Discuss how income and substitution effects play a role.
Chapter 13A Solutions
EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
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Similar questions
- what is the budget line for consumption and leisure if a person faces a constant wage of $5 per hour , there are 168 hours in the week to work,and she received non-labor income of 200 per weekarrow_forwardWinona has 80 hours to divide between leisure and labor. Her utility function is u(r,c) = f(r) + c, when r represents hours of leisure,c represents dollars of consumption, and f is strictly concave. Winona’s wage is w0= $15/hr. initially, then it rises to w1= $20/hr. (i) Explain what happens to Winona’s labor supply when the wage rises,and why. (ii) Explain how the answer to (i) would change if Winona were to win a lottery.arrow_forwardSuppose that the cost of living increases, thereby reducing the purchasing power of your income. If your money wage doesn’t increase, you may work more hours because of this cost-of-living increase. Is this response predominantly an income effect or a substitution effect? Explain.arrow_forward
- Deborah has 80 hours per week available for work and leisure. Her current wage rate is $25 per hour. Deborah has $400 of rental income every week. a) Construct a proper diagram to describe Deborah’s choice of working 40 hours per week. Calculate Deborah’s maximum possible income and optimal income, and show them in the diagram. b) Suppose Deborah recently moved into her boyfriend’s place. She shares the household expenses and is “taxed” 50% of her wage income. Draw another diagram to compare Deborah’s choice in Part a) and a new labor supply decision of working 50 hours per week due to the “tax”. Clearly label out the income effect, substitution effect and total effect in the diagram. Question Two Samantha has an annual non-labour income of $5000. Suppose she has the total available time of 4160 hours per year. Samantha's wage rate is $15 per hour, and she chooses to work 2000 hours in a year. Suppose when Samantha's wage rate increases from $15 to $18 per hour, she will work 2040…arrow_forwardRebecca's wage is $10 per hour, and she can work up to 60 hours per week. The table and the budget constraint graph show the trade-off that she faces between income and leisure in one week of potential work at this wage. Her manager raises her wage to $15 per hour. Change the graph below to illustrate her new income-leisure budget constraint. The line and the individual endpoints are movable. Assume that nothing else changes. Hours Leisure time Income ($) (hours) worked at $10/hour 0 200 400 600 0 20 40 60 60 40 20 0 Income ($) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Leisure (hours)arrow_forwardAn individual values both consumption and leisure. Suppose the individual has 1600 hours per week they can allocate between leisure and work. IF the individual works, they make a wage of $25 per hour. The individual's utility function is given as a function of leisure time, L and consumption, c: U(L, c) = L^(1/2)c ^ (1/2) a) Draw the individual's budget constraint for leisure and consumption. b) How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing? c) Consider a Universal Basic Income policy like the one proposed by Andrew Yang that would give all individuals a lump -sum, unconditional cash transfer of $1,000 each month. How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing with the cash transfer? d) Now suppose, instead of a cash transfer, a minimum wage of $40 per hour is implemented. How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing with the cash transfer? e) What change in leisure time can be attributed to the substitution…arrow_forward
- a) If Kyeiwaa has GhC 50 of non-labor income per week, and she faces a market wage rate of GhC 5 per hour; and has 110 hours of nonsleeping hours to allocate between work and leisure activities (assuming she sleeps roughly 8hours per day) b) Write down the budget equation for Kyeiwaa c) Graph Kyeiwaa 's budget line. d) Assuming leisure is a normal good (with the aid of a graph), describe what will happen to Kyeiwaa 's hours of work if her non-labour income increases. e) If Kyeiwaa 's substitution effect dominates her income effect, with the aid of a diagram describe what will happen to her hours of work when her wage increases.arrow_forwardA) Ana decides every day how many hours to work and how much beef to consume. She spends all income earned from work each day on consumption of beef. Her utility function for free time (t, 24 hours minus hours worked) and consumption (y) is: U(t, y) = 2t + y The price per unit of beef consumed is 4 and her hourly wage is 1. • Using a diagram and appropriate algebra, explain what Ana's optimal number of hours work and units of beef consumed are each day. Ana reads a book about the impact of beef consumption on climate change and realises that there is a cost to society of her beef consumption. She takes account of this impact on society in her own decisions, incorporating a disutility of -0.03y per unit of beef consumed. She still only consumes beef and spends all income earned each day on this consumption. • Explain, using a diagram and appropriate algebra, how recognition of the impact of her consumption choice on climate change impacts on Ana's daily free time and beef consumption…arrow_forwardConsider an individual who is paid a constant hourly wage and is deciding how many hours to spend working and how many to take as free time per week. Which of the following statements are correct? Select all the correct answers. □ If the wage increased, this would decrease the opportunity cost of leisure time If the wage increased and the substitution effect dominates, the individual will choose to have less free time If the wage increased and the individual chooses to work the same hours, the income effect and substitution effects are both zero If the wage increased and the income effect dominates, the individual will choose to have more free timearrow_forward
- Discuss the possible substitution effect and the income effect of an increase in income on leisure time.arrow_forwardAn individual’s utility function is given by where is the amount of leisure measured in hours per week and is income earned measured in cedis per week. Determine the value of the marginal utilities, when = 138 and = 500. Hence estimate the change in utility if the individual works for an extra hour, which increases earned income by GH¢15 per week. Does the law of diminishing utility hold for this function?arrow_forwardAna decides every day how many hours to work and how much beef to consume. She spends all income earned from work each day on consumption of beef. Her utility function for free time (t, 24 hours minus hours worked) and consumption (y) is: U(t,y)=2t^1/2 + y The price per unit of beef consumed is 4 and her hourly wage is 1. Using a diagram and appropriate algebra, explain what Ana’s optimal number of hours work and units of beef consumed are each day. Ana reads a book about the impact of beef consumption on climate change and realises that there is a cost to society of her beef consumption. She takes account of this impact on society in her own decisions, incorporating a disutility of -0.03y per unit of beef consumed. She still only consumes beef and spends all income earned each day on this consumption. Explain, using a diagram and appropriate algebra, how recognition of the impact of her consumption choice on climate change impacts on Ana’s daily free time and beef…arrow_forward
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