Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 10Q
Suppose that HIV were the ancestor of the SIVs, instead of the other way around. If immunodeficiency viruses were originally transmitted from humans to monkeys and chimpanzees, make a sketch of what Figure 1.25a would look like.
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Evaluate how each of the following results of scientific studies regarding mutations of the SARS-COV2 viral genome may implicate how humans can live with the virus for generations to come.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1QCh. 1 - Prob. 2QCh. 1 - Prob. 3QCh. 1 - Given the risk of evolution of resistance, why do...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5QCh. 1 - Prob. 6QCh. 1 - In a monograph published in 1883, Alexander Graham...Ch. 1 - Design a study to test our prediction that human...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9QCh. 1 - Suppose that HIV were the ancestor of the SIVs,...
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- Penicillin is an antibiotic that acts by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in a cell wall. Based on what you know about the nature of viruses and bacteria, will penicillin effectively kill the rhinovirus or coronavirus? Please explain your reasonarrow_forwardYou have a discussion among friends about viruses that can cause latent and chronic infections in humans. The first friend says that an example for latent infections in humans are oral and genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus and that examples of viruses causing chronic infections are Hepatitis C and HIV. The second friend says oral and genital herpes as well as chickenpox/ shingles are chronic infections and that HIV is an example for a virus causing a latent infection. O The first person is correct O The second person is correctarrow_forwardIn 1918, an influenza pandemic that originated with avian flu killed 50 million people. Researchers isolated samples of that virus from bodies of infected people preserved in Alaskan permafrost since 1918. From the samples, they sequenced the viral genome, then reconstructed the virus. The reconstructed virus is 39,000 times more infectious than modern influenza strains, and 100 percent lethal in mice. Understanding how this virus works can help us defend ourselves against other deadly influenza strains that arise. For example, discovering what makes it so infectious would help researchers design more effective vaccines. Critics of the research are concerned: If the virus escapes the containment facilities (even though it has not done so yet), it might cause another pandemic. Worse, terrorists could use the published DNA sequence and methods to make the virus for horrific purposes. Do you think this research makes us more or less safe?arrow_forward
- 1) Predict how the frequency of viruses with this deletion will change in the population over . Use evidence to support your answer. 2) how could sequencing many SARS-CoV-2 genome be used to track how the virus has changed over time due to mutations?arrow_forwardExplain how HIV transferred from animals to humans.arrow_forwardUse Figure 2 to answer the following Circle the common ancestor of HIV in Central Africa According to the Bite, the researchers compared only a small portion of the DNA sequence of each HIV strain, not the entire sequence. Why do you think they did that?arrow_forward
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- Coronaviridae is a virus “family.” There are actually many different coronaviruses within this group, including less pathogenic virus strains that cause the common cold. Many people in this course have likely been infected with one of these other coronaviruses. A common feature of coronaviruses and other RNA viruses (think influenza virus, HIV, etc.) is that they mutate frequently. This is because the viral enzymes that copy the genome during replication can’t fix mistakes. Given this information, how might we be able to distinguish the SARS-CoV-2 strain from some of the other, less concerning, coronavirus strains?arrow_forwardImagine that a researcher discovers a new type of virus. This virus contains single‑stranded RNA with "negative" sense. Consider the image. Which statement is true regarding this virus? According to the Baltimore system, this virus would be classified as a type V virus. Based on the presence of single‑stranded RNA, this virus is likely similar to HIV. According to the Baltimore system, this virus would be classified as a type IV virus. This virus must use reverse transcriptase to produce mRNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. Rhinovirusarrow_forward
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