How does the hypothalamus control and regulate the endocrine system? Describe the difference between anterior and posterior pituitary lobe in terms of neuroendocrine function (include differences in hormones released). Then describe the specific mechanisms generating thyroid action from hypothalamus to the final target of individual body cells

Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. President John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with the disease when he was a young man. Before he started treatment with hormone replacement therapy, he was hypoglycemic and lost weight. Which missing hormone was responsible for his weight loss? How might Addisons disease have affected his blood pressure?

Figure 37.14 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive. Which of the conditions are the following two patients most likely to have? Patient A has symptoms including weight gain, cold sensitivity, low heart rate, and fatigue. Patient B has symptoms including weight loss, profuse sweating, increased heart rate, and difficulty sleeping.

Figure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.

Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.

Which of the following stimulate the secretion of hormones? a. neural signals b. local chemical changes c. hormonal signals stimulate hormone secretion d. environmental cues e. all of the above can

Match the endocrine control concepts.

ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones secreted from the pituitarys _____________ lobe. a. anterior b. posterior c. primary d. secondary

Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.

Which endocrine glands are associated with the kidneys? a. thyroid glands b. pituitary glands c. adrenal glands d. gonads