Describe two properties of neurons. Compare the NMJ with the normal synapse including two differences and two similarities (please try to be super specific).

Question: Suggest two reasons why people had the drug injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (lines 12–13) rather than taking a pill containing the drug.

E. ACTION POTENTIAL Describe what happens in each phases of action potential and explain the following events in the illustration below. 3. Peak action potential +30 Repolarization Threshold of excitation -55 2 1 Hyperpolarization -70 Resting potential 4 Time [Enter description here] Membrane potential (mV)

Subject: Neurophysiology    Imagine that you have the NMJ preparation but your voltage clamp and intracellular microelectrode is broken.  You decide to depolarize a nerve to threshold using KCl in the bath.  What concentration would you use?  Explain your rational using Goldman, and Nernst.

Consider the neuron below, which has a membrane resting potential of -70mV, membrane space constant of Imm, membrane time constant of 100ms, and spike firing threshold of -65mV. The neuron receives input from three synapses. Synapse A generates an EPSP of 12mV amplitude and 2ms duration, synapse B generates an EPSP of 8mV amplitude and Ims duration, and synapse C generates an IPSP with an amplitude of -2mV and duration of 3ms. A axon hillock 0.5mm Justify your answers to the following questions mathematically (round distances to nearest 0.5mm). You can neglect propagation time (ie. assume EPSPS/IPSPS arrive at axon hillock at same time irrespective of distance). (a) Would the cell fire an action potential if A is active? (b) Would the cell fire an action potential if A and B are active simultaneously? (c) Would the cell fire an action potential if B is activated twice with a delay of 2ms? (d) Would the cell fire an action potential if all three are simultaneously active? (e) If an…

View the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?

A. Why small children (generally before and around the stage of toddlers) tend to fall, while later on they will develop improved mobility. Briefly explain this limited mobility in their early years in terms of the formation and maturation of the different components of the nervous system structures. B. How does a typical skeletal muscle and a typical neuron behave differently when they get depolarized? If you block the achetalcholine receptors on the plasma membrane of these two types of cells, what would be the effect on the response of each of these two cell types? why.

Activities Based on the anatomical characteristics of the neuron illustrated in Figure 10.1, what is the structural classification of this neuron? Structural classification Functional clasification or Identify the structural classification for the following images of neurons. Identify the functional classification of the neurons in the following figures. OR Label the neuron figure below with the following structures: dendrites, cell body, axon hillock, myelin, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminals. What is the structural and functional classification for this neuron? Functional: Structural: 330 Nervous System | Unit 10

Glia—are they more than glue? The recent spotlight on glial cell function has revealed numerous ways in which these cells influence nervous system physiology, but how these roles manifest during CNS development remains unknown. Consider some of these questions: Is oligodendrocyte wrapping required for neuronal survival? Do astroglial cells regulate the targeting of synaptic partners? Do microglia help “sculpt” the brain during development?

Describe the organization of the nervous system. Distinguish between the functions of neurons and neuroglia. Describe the cell body of a neuron. Distinguish among the functions of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Summarize the functions of each of the types of neuroglia (the exam will not ask about satellite cells) and describe how the myelin sheath is formed around a peripheral nervous system neuron. Explain why nerve impulse propagation is compromised in patients with multiple sclerosis. Distinguish between the composition of white matter and gray matter. Summarize neuron communication from the moment of receptor stimulation to the response of an effector, such as a muscle fiber, and define neurotransmitter, resting membrane potential, and current. Define electrochemical gradients and the term “polarized”, and describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential including the function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane…