Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Describe three steps in the second messenger system (i.e., cell signaling process) after norepinephrine binds to the receptor in an excitatory adrenergic synapse including at least one potential effect on the cell.
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- Explain the difference between slow and fast chemical transmission. Fig. 8.23arrow_forwardArrange the following in correct order in which G-protein coupled receptor systems are activated: Drug Receptor Protein kinase A Adenylyl cyclase G-protein Cellular responsearrow_forwardChanges in intracellular Ca2+ is one of the main governing factors that determines the direction of plasticity (i.e., whether a synapse potentiates or depresses). Provide a general mechanism to explain how changes in intracellular Ca2+ can result in either synaptic depression or synaptic potentiation (refer to our discussion on kinases and phosphatases).arrow_forward
- Propose reagents for the conversion of (B) to (C).arrow_forwardParkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. Most people affected with Parkinson's disease demonstrate rigidity, slow movement, and shaking. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur when the cells that produce dopamine neurotransmitters die in the brain. Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. Describe the normal process of signal transmission at a synapse. Start with the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal and include the name of the neurotransmitter that is affected by Parkinson's disease. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.arrow_forwardDescribe the biochemical signaling steps by which activation of the NMDA receptor causes the postsynaptic cell to fire larger EPSPs.arrow_forward
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