IHP 501 Module Four 4-2 Project Prep

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1 4-2 Project Preparation: Ethnographic Analysis Jennifer Morales Southern New Hampshire University IHP 501: Global Health and Diversity Dr. Carolina Baldwin March 24, 2024

2 4-2 Project Preparation: Ethnographic Analysis A thorough understanding of Kiribati’s culture population is necessary before setting out on a journey with them. This paper will discuss important research aspects like Kiribati’s ethnicity, stakes, meaning of health illness, social stressors, and the impact these factors have on Kiribati’s population. It's also important to get ready for possible interactions with people whose customs or beliefs are foreign to you. To ensure a peaceful and courteous encounter, in Kiribati, it's critical to adjust to and incorporate the customs and expectations of both the local culture and our own. Ethnicity Known as a sovereign state in the center of the Pacific Ocean, Kiribati gained its independence from Great Britain in 1979 (Sawe, 2019). The I-Kiribati people are an ethnic group that is indigenous to the island and considers itself to be a Micronesian people (Sawe, 2019). One of the earliest populations on the island was Austronesians, but when Samoans, Tongans, and Fijians invaded in the fourteenth century, new ethnic groups emerged (Sawe, 2019). The Gilbertese language, which is taught in elementary and secondary schools, is spoken by the I- Kiribati people, despite English being the island nation's official language (Sawe, 2019). The island's smaller ethnic groups, known as Tuvaluans and I-Kiribati/mixed, make up about 2% of the total population (Sawe, 2019). In Kiribati, there are other ethnic groups such as Chinese, Australians, New Zealanders, and Europeans (Sawe, 2019). Stakes The island of Kiribati is experiencing a global warming crisis because of sea levels rising at a rate of 3.3 mm year (Smith, 2020). Many people suffer from malnutrition, but women and

3 children are disproportionately affected, which puts them at even greater risk (Cauchi et al., 2019). The "multiplier effect" of weather change on the island is affecting food insecurity and the residents' health (Cauchi et al., 2019). Due to resource shortages and extreme weather brought on by climate change, people are dying from starvation, drowning, and brutality (Blaser & Blaser, 2021). Rising sea levels are one of the biggest threats to Kiribati's island and people (Blaser & Blaser, 2021). Despite the island's population moving inland, significant flooding has continued to occur, destroying crops and land (Blaser & Blaser, 2021). Meaning of Illness For people in Kiribati, infectious and non-communicable diseases remain a concern (Cauchi et al., 2019). According to estimates made by the World Health Organization in 2012, 40% of the 38 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases were preventable (Cauchi et al., 2019). In Kiribati, malnutrition can manifest as underweight, stunting, or wasting, which raises the country's high infant mortality rates (Project, 2021). NCDs are responsible for about 75% of deaths in the Pacific Islands (Cauchi et al., 2019). Because of the dirty water in Kiribati, diarrheal illnesses are extremely common (Project, 2021). As a result, one in twenty babies pass away before turning one (Project, 2021). Although there are four hospitals on the island, there are only thirty health centers and seventy-five clinics where people can receive free medical care for minor ailments in Kiribati (WHO, 2020). The government of Kiribati is still working to develop policies to help with the healthcare crisis and enhance population health and health equity (WHO, 2020). With the actions outlined in the regional action framework, Pacific Healthy Islands Framework of Action, and Universal Health Coverage: Moving Towards Better Health, as well as a national effort to improve the performance, efficiency, equity, accountability,

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