Motivational Techniques Ethics team paper

doc

School

University of Phoenix *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

635

Subject

Psychology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

doc

Pages

Uploaded by jmatagi7

Ethical Considerations in Motivated Learning Waynell Kiesgen, Sherma Miller, Mary Brough, Janina Matagi PSYCH/635: Psychology of Learning University of Phoenix April 18, 2022 1

Ethical Considerations in Motivated Learning Introduction Day in and day out, people are compelled in a particular direction to fulfill a set goal, whether that goal is completing an assignment or simply waking up. A given is that we all have that driving force that urges us to stay motivated and causes us to be on top of our game. At times, these may cause us to reevaluate how we meet this goal and what we can benefit from, but that is Motivation. The belief of Motivation comes from the Latin word motivus , which means “causing motion” (Learn That Word, 2018). Motivation is defined as a “signal” that people discover within themselves, allowing them to move or act upon their given goal to satisfy a need or stop doing something that prevents them from achieving that goal (Schunk, 2016). Motivation is an essential resource for human beings, as it is the force that urges people to take action; it is what makes people do everyday tasks such as getting up in the morning and going to work (Schunk, 2016). Schunk (2016) defines Motivation as “the process of instigating and sustaining goal-directed behavior” (p.341). The idea of Motivation has been studied throughout history by several theorists from different psychological perspectives (Schunk, 2016). Their contributions brought different views about how humans are motivated and where that Motivation comes from (Schunk, 2016). These contributions helped psychology develop several motivation techniques to allow individuals to move toward their goals and satisfaction of needs (Schunk, 2016). Throughout this paper, we will understand and uncover the different theories associated with Motivation (achievement and attribution) and how these intertwine. Looking closely at these theories will help us identify where ethics lie and how that is incorporated with the idea of Motivation. 2

Motivational Techniques and Ethics Achievement motivation theory “postulates that need for achievement is a general motive leading individuals to perform their best in achievement contexts” (Schunk, 2019). The achievement motivation theory is successful in motivating students to place importance on learning. Students will want to gain achievement in their studies so this helps motivates them to focus on their schoolwork. “Achievement motivation programs are designed to foster students’ desire to learn and perform well at achievement tasks” (Schunk, 2019). Not only are students encouraged to do well in school but they are also encouraged to have a desire to learn. Intrinsic motivation is for a student to receive a intrinsic reward. Some intrinsic rewards are satisfaction and enjoyment. The student will also gain growth and improvement in a certain learned skill. “Investigators have hypothesized that young children have intrinsic motivation to understand and control their environments, which becomes more specialized with development and progression in school” (Schunk, 2019). When students gain those intrinsic rewards they are intrinsically motivated to learn and continue their progression in school. They start to gain independence and self determination. Students are also motivated by goals. “Goal orientations are the reasons that students engage in tasks. Learners may possess learning (mastery) or performance (ability-focused) goal orientations” (Schunk, 2019). Goals for a student are focused on growing and improving skills that are needed with learning. As a student progresses in achieving their goals “their self-efficacy and motivation are enhanced” (Schunk, 2019). When creating goals with students they will have to remember to make sure that the student is capable of reaching the goal. The teacher will want to encourage an incremental perspective, a growth mindset, to keep the student on track with their goal. 3

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Ethics in psychology and motivational techniques is important. Many people believe that ethics is studied to be more interesting and to point out everyone else’s “ethical failures and shortcomings” (O’Donohue & Ferguson, 2003). The reasons to study ethics is so that individual lives can be enriched and that people can live happily and harmoniously together. Ethics help people take steps to improvement. Ethics is important with each of the motivational theories previously discussed because when people make goals they are making their lives more ethical and enjoyable. People can use the achievement motivation theory to encourage themselves to be better and live harmoniously in the world. They can use the intrinsic motivation to have a desire to grow and become a better human being. Potential Ethical Pitfalls The nature of service offered by psychologists is guidance and support, helping patients grasp better fitting ways to manage problems, learning, development and motivation, culminating in positive changes in behaviors, habits, and conduct (Byrnes, 2001). Any breach of ethics may diminish the motivation to bring about change, resulting in a toxic relationship, and desired goals will not be reached. The relationship cultivated between psychologist and client, should always be professional, and one of trust, confidence, confidentiality, self-determination that pushes the client to develop intrinsic motivation, which is to engage in a task for the inherent pleasure and satisfaction derived from the task itself, taking the form of curiosity or interest, furnished with the ability to sustain motivation without being nurtured by extrinsic inducement. Motivation is important in almost every aspect of human behavior, which includes the cognitive process of monitoring, effort, goal-directed, persistence, and planning. The link between motivation and cognition, is that the cognitive level may be influenced by an individual’s motivational state (Botvinick, & Braver, 2015). 4

Psychologists are guided by well-defined ethics policy and codes of conduct implemented by The American Psychological Association (APA), so that they can be the best at what they do, avoiding legal problems and ethical dilemmas, some of which are multiple relationships to whether to breach confidentiality, to terminating treatment, breaching mandatory state laws, and disrespecting people’s autonomy (Behnke, APA, 2002), with the intent being to guide and inspire psychologists toward the very highest ethical ideals of the profession (APA, 2002). Clients and on a wider basis, the public, trust psychologists to provide service with the highest of ethical standards, conforming to confidentiality, trust, and integrity. Robert Kinscherff, JD, PhD, former chair of APA's Ethics Committee, which adjudicates ethics complaints says, "Good ethical practice is good professional practice, which is good risk management practice." So much can go wrong when ethics are breached, an unintentional situation that quickly gets out of hand, or one that may develop slowly. One potential pitfall in client motivation is the release of information about a client. APA's 2002 Ethics Code stipulates that psychologist may only disclose the minimum information necessary to provide needed services, obtain appropriate consultations, protect the client, psychologist, or others from harm, or obtain payment for services from a client. Another dilemma can occur when psychologists fail to follow guidelines that provide clients with the need to obtain informed consent at the start. Before an adolescent client begins therapy, it is the duty of the psychologist to inform of the right to report abuse and neglect, if observed, so that if such is revealed at some point later in the sessions, that it would not be a problem to report to the necessary authority. If this is not handled in the right way, the adolescent’s progress can be compromise, causing the rapport that was established to be in jeopardy, leading to demotivation to continue therapy. 5

The psychologist serves as a life coach who lends social support and positive reinforcement so that a client is constantly motivated to accomplish the goal of one day being able to stand on their own. With motivation being the process of instigating and sustaining goal- directed behavior, (Schunk, Meece and Pintrich, 2014), any ethical pitfall should be carefully avoided so that success will be the result. Conclusion In conclusion, there are common motivational techniques that are called techniques manipulations of clients. Such as Achievement Motivation theory, Intrinsic motivation, and goal orientation (Schunk, 2020). There are some ethical pitfalls in client motivation and psychologist should always try to avoid. Such as, any ethical issues between a patient and doctor. This will hinder the patient from getting the help they need. Motivational techniques are important, for the most important person: The Patient. 6

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

References Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2002. www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf?msclkid Kou Murayama, PhD, Science of Motivation, www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/10ways?msclkid= Schunk, D., (2016). Learning theories: An educational perspective (7 th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Schunk, D. H. (2019). Learning theories: An educational perspective, 8/e (8th ed.). Pearson Education. O′Donohue, W. T., & Ferguson, K. E. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of professional ethics for psychologists: Issues, questions, and controversies . SAGE Publications. 7

Related Documents

Chad Starry_PSY101_Week_5_Assignment.docx1.docx

TF CBT Course.docx

psych610_v3_research_study_proposal_template (1).docx

Chosen assessment tool.docx

WK2-experiment section.docx

For+my+research+paper.pdf

Research+Proposal.pdf

A03 Social Psych.docx

Recommended textbooks for you

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)

Psychology

ISBN:9780134477961

Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Publisher:PEARSON

Cognitive Psychology

Psychology

ISBN:9781337408271

Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.

Publisher:Cengage Learning,

Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...

Psychology

ISBN:9781337565691

Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)

Psychology

ISBN:9780393265156

Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga

Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company

Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...

Psychology

ISBN:9781285763880

Author:E. Bruce Goldstein

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)

Psychology

ISBN:9781305652958

Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning