Brown v

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Laredo College *

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2305

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Political Science

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Jesse Cortez / Gov 2305 / November 1st 2023 Supreme Court Case: Brown v. Board of Education Handout As you view the videos, note the key points as they relate to the overall case. VIDEO CLIP: The Origin of Brown v. Board of Education (Links to an external site.) (1:35) VIDEO CLIP: Path to the Supreme Court (Links to an external site.) (4:54)  Describe Linda Brown Thompson's childhood experience that led to this Supreme Court case. Linda Brown was denied admission to a white elementary school near her home in Topeka, Kansas, because of her race. Instead, she had to attend a segregated school further away from her home. Her father, Oliver Brown joined a group of parents who sued the Topeka Board of Education, arguing that the segregation of public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14 th Amendment.  Describe the images that are presented in the video and explain their significance. Linda Brown Thompson humanized the issue and shed light on the detrimental effects of racial segregation on children's education and well-being. Her experiences, along with those of other plaintiffs in the case, helped build a compelling argument against the "separate but equal" doctrine and played a crucial role in challenging the legality of racial segregation in public schools.  Why did Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP choose the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case? Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP chose the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case because it presented an opportunity to challenge the “ separate but equal” doctrine that upheld racial segregation

Jesse Cortez / Gov 2305 / November 1st 2023 in schools. The NAACP saw this as a chance to challenge the constitutionality of segregation in public schools and to fight for equal rights and opportunities for African American students.  Explain the important aspect of Judge Walter A. Huxman's opinion in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case. In the Brown v. Board of Education case, Judge Walter A. Huxman’s opinion emphasized the educational benefits of racial integration. He stressed that mixing with white students would provide significant advantages for black students. VIDEO CLIP: Consolidation of Cases (Links to an external site.) (3:05)  Explain the cases that were consolidated into the Brown v. Board of Education . Brown V. Board of Education was a landmark case that consisted of five separate cases from different states, all challenging racial segregation in public schools. The cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot (South Carolina), Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (Virginia), Gebhart v. Belton (Delaware), and Bolling v. Sharpe (Washington, D.C.). These cases were consolidated under the name Brown v. Board of Education and argued collectively before the Supreme Court. The goal was to challenge the constitutionality of racial segregation in public schools and seek the end of the "separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.  Why did the Supreme Court decide to consolidate these cases? The Supreme Court decided to consolidate these cases, including Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, because they all addressed the issue of racial segregation in public schools. By consolidating the cases, the Court could consider the broader issue of school segregation and its constitutionality as a whole.

Jesse Cortez / Gov 2305 / November 1st 2023 VIDEO CLIP: The Doll Test (Links to an external site.) (3:57)  Describe the "doll test" and its significance to the Brown v. Board of Education case. The "doll test" was a psychological experiment conducted by black scientists Kenneth and Mamie Clark. It involved asking black children to choose between dolls with different skin colors and hair types. The results showed that most children preferred white dolls and associated positive attributes with them. The "doll test" research was later used as key evidence in school desegregation lawsuits, including the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education (1954)  What effect did the "doll test" have on the thinking of the justices during the case? The "doll test" conducted by psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark had a significant impact on the thinking of the justices during the Brown v. Board of Education case. The test showed that segregation had detrimental effects on the self-esteem and racial preference of black children. The justices recognized the psychological significance of segregation on African American children, and this evidence played a crucial role in their decision. VIDEO CLIP: The Key Question and o What was the key question before the Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case?

Jesse Cortez / Gov 2305 / November 1st 2023 Decision (Links to an external site.) (2:57) The key question before the Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case was whether racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The case challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed for racial segregation as long as the separate facilities were equal in quality. o Describe the process through which Chief Justice Earl Warren ensured the Court's decision would be unanimous. He was committed to achieving a unanimous ruling to demonstrate the Court's unity and strength in condemning racial segregation. Warren engaged in extensive behind-the-scenes negotiations and discussions with his fellow justices to build consensus and address any concerns or disagreements. However, it is known that Chief Justice Warren played a crucial role in shaping the unanimous decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case. o Explain the decision as written by Chief Justice Earl Warren. Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered the opinion of the unanimous Court, holding that "separate but equal" facilities are inherently unequal. The Court found that segregation had a detrimental effect on African-American children's educational opportunities and self-esteem. The opinion stressed the importance of providing equal educational opportunities to all children, regardless of their race. It argued that segregation perpetuated inequality and denied African-American students the benefits of a quality education.

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