Lab_1_Template_A

Lab Assignment 1: Temperature and Heat Instructor’s Overview The first lab experiment in Physics II focuses on the concepts of temperature and heat. We have an intimate relationship with these quantities through our experiences with the changing seasons. In this lab, you will begin to think of temperature and heat from the quantitative perspective of physics. This lab is based on Lab 16 of your eScience Lab kit. We will be performing Experiments 2 and 3 of Lab 16. Here is a high-level view of the lab:  In Experiment 2, you will you will construct a simple calorimeter and use it to measure the amount of energy required to melt an ice cube. You will then compare your measured value with a theoretical prediction.  In Experiment 3, the second part of the lab, you will use your calorimeter to measure the specific heat of steel. Take detailed notes as you perform the experiment and fill out the sections below. This document serves as your lab report. Please include detailed descriptions of your experimental methods and observations. Experiment Tips  Be very careful when working around hot water.  In Experiment 3, you will carefully transfer the bolt directly from the boiling water to the calorimeter. Using this technique, you know the initial temperature of the bolt. Make sure that you have a long enough string attached to the bolt so that you can safely transfer the bolt to the calorimeter.  In performing the calculation of the specific heat of the bolt, you will need the mass of the water in the calorimeter as well as the mass of the bolt. The best way to determine the mass of the bolt is through direct measurement using a scale at the post office or supermarket. What you’ll need for this lab activity JWH 1 Physics II Phy sics II From the eScience kit  100 ml graduated cylinder  Stopwatch  Styrofoam cups  Thermometer  Steel bolt (Found in the Latent Heat & Specific Heat baggie).  String You provide  Ice cube  Paper towels  Water  Pot or microwave safe container  Stovetop or microwave

Date : 01/20/2024 Student : Anthony Putrino Abstract This experiment focuses on the properties of heat and temperature, and we learn how heat and temperature function and react with one another through the means of two different experiments with water. The first part of the experiment tests how heat melts ice, and the second part tests how heat heats up a steel bolt. Material and Methods 100 ml graduated cylinder Stopwatch Styrofoam cups Thermometer Steel bolt String Ice cube Paper towels Water microwave safe container Microwave Experiment 2: Conservation of Heat Energy Results/Observations Enter your data in the following tables and record your observations: Water Volume and Temperature Data Water Volume (mL) Temperature (C) Initial 70mL 22C Final 82mL 7C System Heat Data Mass of water (g) 70g Mass of ice cube (g) 12g Change in water temperature (C) -15C Change in ice temperature (C) 10C Heat lost by water (J) -4395J Head gained by ice after melting (J) 337.9J Heat used to melt ice (J) 337.9J Theoretical heat to melt ice (J) 112.92J JWH 2 Physics II

6. Compare this theoretical value to the value you calculated in Post-Lab Question 3 with a percent error calculation. Show your work. Record your answer in the table above. %error = experimental value-actual value/actual value *100 = 112.917-337.9/337.9*100 = 66.5% error Experiment 3: Specific Heat Results/Observations Enter your data in the following table and record your observations: Test Object Object T i (  C) Water T i (  C) Object + Water T f (  C) Water  T = T f - T i (  C) Object  T = T f - T i (  C) Object mass (g) Water Mass (g) Steel bolt 82C -17C 19C 2C -64C 20C 150g Experiment 3: Specific Heat – Analysis and Discussion Based on your experimental results, please answer the following questions: 1. The heat lost by the hot bolt is equal to the heat gained by the water in the calorimeter. Use the equations provided in the eScience manual and what you know about heat to solve for the specific heat of the steel. Show your work. Q gained from water = Q lost from steel m*C* Δ T=m*C* Δ T ⟶ 4.106*100*4=C*45*65 = 1642.4/2925 = .561J/gC 2. What is the specific heat of steel from Table 1 in the eScience manual? Find the percent error for your calculated specific heat relative to this accepted value. Show your work. %error = experimental value-actual value/actual value *100 = (.561J/gC - .46J/gC)/.46J/gC*100 = 21.9% error JWH 4 Physics II

3. What was the difference between your calculation and the actual specific heat of steel? How could you improve the experiment to reduce this error? There was about a 22% error from my calculation and the actual specific heat of steel. Some ways I could improve the experiment to reduce this error could be environment based. If my surrounding environment is constantly being cooled due to air conditioning it can disrupt the readings from the thermometer. In the future, performing this experiment in a more neutral environment may improve accuracy. Conclusions This experiment was very interesting to complete, I was just surprised to see how far off I was when I calculated the percent error. Based on this experiment, I would assume the majority of my error was human error, most likely with measurements. Regardless, the experiment was a lot of fun, and it was fun to see how heat reacts differently with heating as opposed to melting/cooling. References JWH 5 Physics II