QUIZ-3-CARDIAC

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Walden University *

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6501

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Medicine

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by PresidentSalamander3753

An adult patient is being evaluated for secondary causes of hypertension due to resistant blood pressure and an onset of high blood pressure at an earlier age. He reports no family history of hypertension. Which of the following mechanisms can cause secondary hypertension? Group of answer choices Increase in parathyroid hormone Elevated aldosterone levels Increased secretion of insulin Decreased release of natriuretic peptides A patient is evaluated for newly diagnosed hypertension. Which vessel type is a major determinant of systemic blood pressure? Group of answer choices Large arteries Capillaries Venules Arterioles An adult patient undergoes coronary balloon angioplasty to treat symptoms of unstable angina. Following the angioplasty procedure, the patient is at risk of restenosis due to a specific cellular response characterized by cell migration and proliferation within the vessel wall. Which type of cell is predominantly involved in this process? Group of answer choices Fibroblasts Endothelial cells Macrophages Vascular smooth muscle cells A young man with Marfan syndrome presents to the emergency department with sudden, sharp chest pain radiating to the back. Imaging studies reveal an intimal flap in the ascending aorta and a false lumen with differential flow. Which of the following histologic features of the aortic wall most likely predisposed this patient to the described condition? Group of answer choices Thinning of the tunica media due to reduced elastin fibers Calcification of the tunica externa Overgrowth of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media Thickening of the tunica intima due to increased collagen An older adult man with a history of hypertension is brought to the emergency department by his family due to a sudden onset of chest pain

that started 1 hour ago. If this is diagnosed as a myocardial infarction, which statement regarding the state of myocardial tissue is most accurate? Group of answer choices Most of the myocardial tissue affected has probably reached irreversible damage. The affected myocardial tissue has already started to regenerate. The affected myocardial tissue shows minimal signs of ischemia and is not at risk for necrosis. Most of the affected myocardial tissue is likely still in the ischemic phase and can be mostly salvaged with prompt intervention. An older adult man with a recent history of prolonged immobility following a hip replacement surgery presents to the clinic complaining of unilateral swelling, warmth, and pain in the left leg. On ultrasound, there is evidence of a non-compressible segment in the left popliteal vein. Which of the following is the most immediate life-threatening complication to be aware of? Group of answer choices Venous stasis ulcer Superficial thrombophlebitis Chronic venous insufficiency Pulmonary embolism A patient presents with a laceration on his forearm after accidentally cutting himself while cooking. Which of the following factors initiates the activation of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade? Group of answer choices Factor I Factor IX Factor XII Factor VII While examining a histological slide under the microscope, a student notices a blood vessel. To determine if it's an artery, which of the following histological features should the student look for as being characteristic of arteries? Group of answer choices A larger lumen relative to the vessel wall thickness Absence of internal and external elastic membranes A more rounded shape when sectioned Absence of smooth muscle in the vessel wall A woman presents to the clinic with complaints of bulging, tortuous veins in her lower legs. She is on her feet 8 hours a day due to her job. Which of the

following pathophysiological mechanisms is most responsible for the development of this abnormality? Group of answer choices Arterial flow obstruction causing reduced perfusion Vein wall hypertrophy due to increased venous pressure Venous wall stretching leading to valve incompetence Stenosis and narrowing of the venous lumen An elderly adult undergoes an echocardiogram as part of a cardiovascular evaluation. The nurse practitioner is focused on visualizing a valve with 2 leaflets that prevent backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. Which valve is being visualized? Group of answer choices Mitral valve Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve A patient's echocardiography demonstrates a significantly narrowed aortic valve orifice with left ventricular hypertrophy. Which major category of cardiac pathology best explains this condition? Pump failure Shunted flow Regurgitate flow Flow obstruction An adult patient with a history of chronic hepatitis C presents with a sudden onset of dark urine and lower extremity rash. A biopsy of the rash reveals deposits of immune complexes in small blood vessels. Which of the following best describes the primary response that results in tissue damage in this patient's condition? Direct cytolysis by cytotoxic T cells Hyperactivation of natural killer cells leading to vascular injury Cytokine release by activated macrophages Activation of the complement cascade causing local inflammation An adult patient presents with fever and a new regurgitation murmur. Blood cultures reveal the presence of Streptococcus viridans, and an echocardiogram shows vegetation on the mitral valve. On examination, non- tender, erythematous macules are present on her palms. Which of the following best describes the underlying mechanism for this physical examination finding?

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Group of answer choices Reaction to circulating bacterial endotoxins in the skin Hypersensitivity reaction to the bacteria in the skin Deposition of immune complexes in the small blood vessels Deposition of bacteria causing microabscesses in the skin An elderly patient with a history of hypertension presents with shortness of breath and fatigue on exertion. An echocardiogram shows a thickened aortic valve with decreased leaflet mobility. Which molecular event is predominantly responsible for the cellular changes observed in the affected tissue? Group of answer choices Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation Activation of osteogenic signaling pathways Upregulation of proteoglycan synthesis Enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for the classic symptoms (chest pressure, dyspnea) of ischemic heart disease? Group of answer choices Myocardial tissue inflammation causing direct nerve stimulation Impaired conduction in the atrioventricular node Increased oxygen demand in the myocardium that exceeds its supply. A rapid rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure