Chapter 2 Assignment (POL 220-0001)

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Chapter 2 Assignment (Due Monday, September 11) Each question is worth two points. You can find the answers by reading Chapter Two (The Evolution of Global Politics) of the textbook and utilizing the resources that I’ve loaded into Blackboard. 1. Which statement(s) is/are true? b. Stanford historian Priya Satia asserts that historical narratives are objective. c. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) established the principle of sovereignty. 2. Which statement is true? b. The American Revolution preceded the French Revolution. 3. About how long did the Concert of Europe last? The Concert of Europe lasted until World War I. 4. Which statement is true? d. The League of Nations failed, largely because the United States did not join. 5. What was the name of the agreement that formally ended World War I? Treaty of Versailles (1919) 6. Four world leaders (as of January 11, 2021) are pictured on page 36 of your textbook. Two of them still lead their respective countries. Name the two and the countries that they each lead. Canada (Justin Trudeau) and France (Emmanuel Macron). 7. Which statement(s) is/are true? d. Neither A nor B. 8. The Holocaust particularly targeted members of what minority group? Jewish minority group.
9. Name the country whose attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, pulled the United States into World War II. Japan. 10. What did the United States do on August 6, 1945, and again on August 9, 1945? (Doing so brought an end to World War II.) The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 11. True or False: The years following World War II led to an increase in the number of independent states. True. 12. What name was given to the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR)? This conflict dominated American foreign policy from the end of World War II in 1945 until the Soviet Union’s collapse in late 1991. The Cold War. 13. True or False: Following World War II, the United States failed to help Western Europe recover, despite pleas from world leaders. False. 14. Established in 1949, this military alliance includes the United States and 30 other countries. (Finland is the most recent addition. They joined in 2023.) It has been a bulwark against Soviet (and now Russian) aggression. Name it. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 15. In response to the creation of the military alliance referenced in #14, the Soviet Union and several other communist countries created a military alliance in the 1950s. What was it called? Warsaw Pact.
16. At the end of a long civil war, Mao Zedong and the communists came to power in this country in 1949. Name it. China. 17. Where was America at war from 1950 to 1953? (We successfully prevented a communist takeover of the entire peninsula. We continue to have thousands of troops stationed there.) Korea (Korean War). 18. What European country tried – and failed – to reestablish its colonial empire in Vietnam in the years immediately following World War II? France. 19. Belief in the “domino theory” dominated U.S. foreign policy from 1945 onward. What was the “domino theory?” The domino theory (and fear) was that if a country fell to communism, the surrounding countries would follow due to weakness of those countries. During the time of the Cold War, communism was the greatest fear. 20. Nuclear war nearly occurred in the fall of 1962 when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev attempted to place medium-range missiles in what country? (U.S. President John F. Kennedy imposed a naval blockade, and the Soviets backed down.) Cuba. 21. In December 1979, the Soviet Union (USSR) invaded Afghanistan. (The Soviets would retreat a decade later.) The invasion of this country prompted a U.S.-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Name it. 22. True or False: U.S. President Richard Nixon (1969-1974) fiercely rejected détente. False. 23. The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a proposed anti-missile program that was nicknamed “Star Wars,” was associated with what U.S. president? Ronald Reagan.
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24. In 1956, the Soviet Union infamously crushed an uprising in what Eastern European country? Hungary. 25. Who served as Soviet leader from 1985 to 1991? His policies, such as “glasnost” and “perestroika,” made him more popular in the West than his predecessors had been, but he still failed to prevent the ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1991. Mikhail Gorbachev. 26. Which statement is true? c. China has fewer nuclear warheads than does either the U.S. or Russia. 27. During the first Persian Gulf War in the early 1990s, U.S. President George H.W. Bush (Bush 41) assembled an international coalition that drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait. Name the country that Saddam Hussein invaded in 1990, which ultimately led to the U.S. military’s response. 28. In June 2016, voters in _________ voted to have their country leave the European Union (EU). It was finalized several years later. c. The United Kingdom (UK) 29. The decision referenced in #28 b. Was supported by a slim majority of voters. 30. True or False: Your textbook cites anti-immigrant sentiment as a factor in the outcome of the vote referenced in #28. True. 31. True or False: Russian President Vladimir Putin served in the Soviet KGB. True.
32. True or False: Your textbook points out that the collapse of communism in Europe and Asia followed very similar paths. False. 33. Which statement(s) is/are true? c. Both A and B. 34. Jair Bolsonaro is the right-wing former leader of what country? Brazil. 35. Nicolas Maduro is the left-wing leader of what country? Venezuela. 36. In late 2001, U.S. military forces toppled the Taliban regime of Al Qaeda . (The Taliban provided safe haven for many who plotted the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The Taliban has returned to power in this Middle East country.) 37. I’ve loaded into Blackboard an October 23, 2022, op-ed that references Stanislav Petrov. What notable thing did he do in 1983? There was an alert that the U.S. was sending an airstrike, and he received orders to go ahead and send the response attack. However, Petrov believed that the alarm was an error and went against those orders. In doing so, he prevented a global war. 38. I’ve also loaded into Blackboard a November 2022 Chicago Tribune op-ed that makes an argument for a. Intervening on Ukraine’s behalf. 39. I’ve also loaded into Blackboard an August 13, 2023, op-ed in The Washington Post that cites new research concerning populism, particularly right-wing populism. The researchers argue that support for right-wing political figures is driven not only by anger (rage), but by “emotions such as sadness, stress and worry.”