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Subject
History
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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8
Uploaded by DeanLarkMaster755
How did the economic system work, and how did it affect peasants and nobles?
The economic system during medieval times was based on feudalism, which involved a
hierarchical structure and the exchange of land for labor and services. Peasants who worked on
the land owned by nobles faced limited rights and freedoms while economically dependent on
the nobles. The nobles, in turn, accumulated wealth and power through land ownership. This
system created a stark divide between the social classes and significantly impacted the lives of
both peasants and nobles.
How did the Crusades accelerate change in Europe?
Overall, the Crusades accelerated European change by stimulating trade and commerce,
fostering cultural exchange and intellectual growth, shifting power dynamics, and bringing about
social changes.
How did new knowledge based on cosmic and other Greek thinkers challenge
Christian scholars?
New knowledge based on cosmic and other Greek thinkers challenged Christian scholars by
presenting contradictions with Christian doctrine, proposing alternative cosmological models,
emphasizing natural causes over divine intervention, influencing philosophy and ethics, and
introducing new ideas by translating Greek texts. This forced Christian scholars to engage with
these challenges and adapt their thinking in response.
Compare the effects of the 100 Years War on France and England.
The effects of the 100 Years War on France included strengthening national identity, military
innovation, economic devastation, and political unrest. Meanwhile, in England, the war led to
political instability, economic transformation, the decline of feudalism, and the loss of territories.
What evidence shows that the Indus civilization included a well-organized
government?
There were a lot of reasons, one of them being there were civil servants who were basically government
officials and had rules that everybody had to follow.
How do the Hindu gods relate to the concept of Brahman?
That Braham is the basis of everything they want to go to him.
Why is Chandragupta's government efficient?
There was a philosophical system of ideas, and many characters were created. Civil servants were
recruited.
How did the Shane Kings govern China?
It had officials, and it was the monarchy.
How does legalism differ from Confucianism?
Confucianism is based on the fundamental goodness of humans; Legalism presupposes that humans are
primarily evil.
How was the Aryan Society structured?
The Aryans had a system of social classes known as the caste system.
How did the social hierarchy change over time?
At first, it was a significant group, but over time, it became smaller and more minor.
What is the final goal of Buddhism in the practice of their religion?
To go to Nirvana, Buddhism believes in Union with the universe and release from the cycle of birth.
What aspects of Confucianism and Daoism contributed to their long-lasting influence?
To live in harmony and serve
Why was the Han period considered a golden age of Chinese civilization?
Because it was the period of cultural achievement
How did the Republic's structure of government change and develop over time?
Much has happened, but to summarize everything about the Republic's government, Rome
changed significantly over time. It started with consuls, the Senate, and the Assembly of the
Centuries.
What factors caused Rome to plunge into the Civil War, and how did they weaken the
republic?
Rome's plunge into civil war was because of social and economic inequality, political instability,
and the system, making it open to the rise to rule and eventual transition to the Roman Empire.
Why did the Diocletians decide to split the empire?
Diocletian decided to split the Roman Empire due to a few problems, such as concerns about
economic stability, defense, etc. This division, known as the Tetrarchy, aimed to solve these
problems by creating a more efficient system of governance.
Give two examples of American legal principles that had their foundation in Roman law.
American legal system has principles of presumption of innocence, and the influence of legal
codes and jurisprudence are just two examples of how Roman legal principles have influenced
American law.
What were the historical origins of Christianity, and how did that affect the development
of monotheism in the Roman Empire?
Christianity can be seen back to the teachings of Jesus in the 1st century CE. Christianity in the
Roman Empire challenged the existing belief system and contributed to the development of
monotheism within the empire.
How did the economic system work, and how did it affect peasants and nobles?
The economic system during medieval times was based on feudalism, which involved a
hierarchical structure and the exchange of land for labor and services. Peasants who worked on
the land owned by nobles faced limited rights and freedoms while economically dependent on
the nobles. The nobles, in turn, accumulated wealth and power through land ownership. This
system created a stark divide between the social classes and significantly impacted the lives of
both peasants and nobles.
How did the Crusades accelerate change in Europe?
Overall, the Crusades accelerated European change by stimulating trade and commerce,
fostering cultural exchange and intellectual growth, shifting power dynamics, and bringing about
social changes.
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How did new knowledge based on cosmic and other Greek thinkers challenge
Christian scholars?
New knowledge based on cosmic and other Greek thinkers challenged Christian scholars by
presenting contradictions with Christian doctrine, proposing alternative cosmological models,
emphasizing natural causes over divine intervention, influencing philosophy and ethics, and
introducing new ideas by translating Greek texts. This forced Christian scholars to engage with
these challenges and adapt their thinking in response.
Compare the effects of the 100 Years War on France and England.
The effects of the 100 Years War on France included strengthening national identity, military
innovation, economic devastation, and political unrest. Meanwhile, in England, the war led to
political instability, economic transformation, the decline of feudalism, and the loss of territories.
Explain the influence of scientific ideas on the progression of thought from the
Scientific Revolution to the Enlightenment.
Scientific ideas influenced the progression of thought from the Scientific Revolution to the
Enlightenment by promoting empiricism, reason, skepticism, progress, and secularization.
These ideas challenged traditional beliefs and authority, leading to a shift towards
evidence-based reasoning, critical thinking, and applying reason to various aspects of human
life.
What are some ways in which alignment spreads? Explain the components of
the free enterprise system. Why might some absolute monarchs have been
willing to consider Enlightenment ideas While others were not? In what way were
the ideas of John Loki and Jean Georges Bruce Lee similar?
Why is the Neolithic Revolution considered a turning point in history?
It was a turning point because it showed the difference and transition from
nomadic hunter-gatherers to sedentary agriculturalists. Before the
Revolution, humans were nomadic, which means they hunted for food or
gathered whatever plants and berries they could, and when they used all the
resources in that area, they would move.
How did the Fertile Crescent affect the development of early civilization?
Having water helped to have better farming and for trade routes, because
of this it naturally brought in visitors and the Fertile Crescent. Because of
this it made others to share ideas and different cultures.
How did the beliefs of the ancient Israelites differ from those of neighboring
people?
The Israelites were an ancient people who overcame tremendous odds to
build a homeland for their people. The Israelites were different from other
cultural groups in that they believed there was only one God. Most other
cultures at the time believed in many gods
What influence did Confucius's ideas have on Chinese civilization?
The structure of Chinese society and its focus on rituals, familial respect
and obligation, worship of ancestors, and self-discipline, remains greatly
influenced by Confucius and his teachings. Taoism (also called Daoism) is a
Chinese religion that developed a bit after Confucianism, around two
thousand years ago.
What elements of the Olmec culture were used by the Maya in the Incas?
The Maya used several elements of Olmec culture. First, they adopted some.
Second, they grew animals and exchanged them with other people's property
to supplement their sustenance. Third, they devised a system of writing and
formed calendars.
The main difference between the Greek city-state (Polis) and the modern
city lies in their governance and social structures. In ancient Greece, the
Polis was a small, independent community with its own government, laws, and
customs.
"Aryan" historically refers to a cultured group, not a society. The idea of an "Aryan society" has
been misappropriated in some contexts, especially during the Nazii era, when it was misused to
support racist beliefs.
However, referring to the ancient Indo-Aryan societies, those in the Indian subcontinent, we can
talk about that. It is just a reminder that this doesn't represent one society.
Varna System: The Vedic society is usually set by the Varna system, which carefully categorized
people into four social classes.
1. Brahmins: Priests, scholars, and teachers.
2. Kshatriyas: Warriors, rulers, and administrators.
3. Vaishyas: Farmers, traders, and merchants.
4. Shudras: Laborers and service providers.
Jatis: Within each Varna, there were little groups like Jatis; this system allowed for a
more categorization of occupations and social roles.
Rigidity and Social Mobility: While the Varna system laid out a hierarchy, the actual
social status was not only decided by the cause of your birthright. You could earn it over
time. They were determined by birth. You could move Varnas based on their abilities,
achievements, and education.
Rulers and Kingdoms: The structure of the political world was kingdoms ruled by kings
and tribal chieftains. These rulers were often with their council of advisors and warriors.
Religious Practices: Religion played a BIG role in Aryan society. The Vedas had a lot of
sacred texts and carefully guided rituals and ceremonies.
Family Structure: Families were critical, and joint families were typical—respect for
elders and family values.
Why was the establishment of due process of law essential to the people of the
Middle Ages?
In Medieval England, many British monarchs ruled through force and will,
often making arbitrary rulings justified only by their royal nature. For
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example, people could be arrested under the pretext of committing a crime,
and coerced to confess to the crime through violent means.
What role did cartographers play in the European explanation?
Cartography developed further in Europe during the Age of Exploration as
cartographers, merchants, and explorers created maps showing the new
areas of the world that they visited. The cartographers also developed
detailed nautical charts and maps that were used for navigation.
Why is Johannes Gutenberg Remembered in history?
Johannes Gutenberg is remembered in history for his invention of the
movable-type printing press. This invention made the process of making
books. Some other reasons why Gutenberg is remembered:
Invention of the Printing Press: lots of Production of Books: Before the
printing press, books were copied by hand, making them expensive and rare.
"Aryan" historically refers to a cultured group, not a society. The idea of an "Aryan society" has
been misappropriated in some contexts, especially during the Nazii era, when it was misused to
support racist beliefs.
However, referring to the ancient Indo-Aryan societies, those in the Indian subcontinent, we can
talk about that. It is just a reminder that this doesn't represent one society.
Varna System: The Vedic society is usually set by the Varna system, which carefully categorized
people into four social classes.
1. Brahmins: Priests, scholars, and teachers.
2. Kshatriyas: Warriors, rulers, and administrators.
3. Vaishyas: Farmers, traders, and merchants.
4. Shudras: Laborers and service providers.
Jatis: Within each Varna, there were little groups like Jatis; this system allowed for a
more categorization of occupations and social roles.
Rigidity and Social Mobility: While the Varna system laid out a hierarchy, the actual
social status was not only decided by the cause of your birthright. You could earn it over
time. They were determined by birth. You could move Varnas based on their abilities,
achievements, and education.
Rulers and Kingdoms: The structure of the political world was kingdoms ruled by kings
and tribal chieftains. These rulers were often with their council of advisors and warriors.
Religious Practices: Religion played a BIG role in Aryan society. The Vedas had a lot of
sacred texts and carefully guided rituals and ceremonies.
Family Structure: Families were critical, and joint families were typical—respect for
elders and family values.
How did the social hierarchy change over time?
At first, it was a significant group, but over time, it became smaller and more minor.
What is the final goal of Buddhism in the practice of their religion?
To go to Nirvana, Buddhism believes in Union with the universe and release from the cycle of birth.
What aspects of Confucianism and Daoism contributed to their long-lasting influence?
To live in harmony and serve
Why was the Han period considered a golden age of Chinese civilization?
Because it was the period of cultural achievement