mod 4 and 5 attempt 1.docx

[05] Lessons 4 & 5 Exam - Results Attempt 1 of 2 Written Oct 1, 2021 11:42 AM - Oct 1, 2021 12:36 PM Attempt Score 92.5 / 100 - 92.5 % Overall Grade (Highest Attempt) 100 / 100 - 100 % Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 points Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have largely replaced chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in an effort to reduce ozone layer depletion. What is a drawback to this strategy? Question options: a) HFCs have an unpleasant odor. b) HFCs are also greenhouse gases. c) HFCs are more expensive to produce. d) HFCs are toxic to wildlife. Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 points The current rate of species extinction is conservatively estimated at _______ times greater than the background rate. Question options: a) 20 to 200 b) 50 to 5,000 c) 100 to 1,000 d) 300 to 3,000

Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 points Which atmospheric layer enables radio transmissions? Question options: a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Ionosphere d) Thermosphere Question 4 2.5 / 2.5 points Which statement best characterizes the temperate grassland biome? Question options: a) The rainy season lasts for six to eight months. b) During the parched dry season, fires turn vegetation to ash. c) This biome features perennial grasses as well as flowering plants called forbs. d) This biome includes strands of trees separated by grasses. Question 5 2.5 / 2.5 points Which side effect of urban sprawl is correlated to the time spent commuting from the suburbs to urban workplaces? Question options: a) Excessive water usage b) Increased risk of obesity c) Destruction of wildlife habitats d) Increase in air pollution Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 points When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it produces _______ acid. Question options:

a) carbolic b) carbonaceous c) carbonic d) corrosive Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 points Taiga includes the largest contiguous forests on the planet and make up about _______ percent of all of Earth's forests. Question options: a) 50 b) 40 c) 30 d) 20 Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 points The ozone layer contains about _______ percent of atmospheric ozone. Question options: a) 60 b) 75 c) 90 d) 99 Question 9 2.5 / 2.5 points When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they're engaged in _______ in an effort to understand how the whole system works. Question options: a) habitat ecology b) systemic analysis c) ecosystem ecology

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d) biosphere studies Question 10 2.5 / 2.5 points Where would you find a cold desert biome? Question options: a) Mojave b) Sahara c) Sahel d) Antarctica Question 11 2.5 / 2.5 points The Keeling curve shows that carbon dioxide concentration in Earth's atmosphere reached _______ ppm in 2013. Question options: a) 250 b) 300 c) 350 d) 400 Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 points Where did humans first domesticate horses? Question options: a) American high plains b) Asian steppes c) African veld d) Argentine pampas Question 13 2.5 / 2.5 points According to the course, which of these has not been linked to damage caused by UVB radiation? Question options:

a) Destruction of DNA b) Melanoma and premature aging c) Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas d) Severe sunburn Question 14 2.5 / 2.5 points Where can the largest tropical forest on the planet be found? Question options: a) Amazon Basin b) Indian subcontinent c) Congo Basin d) Indonesian archipelago Question 15 2.5 / 2.5 points About _______ percent of current carbon dioxide emissions are being absorbed into the planet's oceans. Question options: a) 30 b) 40 c) 50 d) 60 Question 16 2.5 / 2.5 points _______ is/are our planet's thermostat and the world's chief greenhouse gas. Question options: a) Water vapor b) Atmospheric pollutants c) Carbon dioxide d) Ozone

Question 17 2.5 / 2.5 points Which planet is in the so-called "Goldilocks zone"? Question options: a) Earth b) Mars c) Jupiter d) Venus Question 18 2.5 / 2.5 points According to the course, _______ scientific experts believe there is still time to address environmental problems and change our course toward a sustainable future. Question options: a) all b) no c) most d) very few Question 19 2.5 / 2.5 points Which of these is a biotic factor in an ecological system? Question options: a) Local climate b) Chemical properties of an environment c) Sunlight d) Decomposers Question 20 2.5 / 2.5 points The foremost emitters of methane are Question options: a) oceans and rivers.

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b) oil and gas industries. c) landfills. d) sheep ranches. Question 21 2.5 / 2.5 points Demographers have added a fifth stage to the classic four-stage transition theory. Namely, when birth rates fall below replacement and death rates exceed birth rates, a country can be said to have entered Stage 5. As mentioned in the course, all of these countries are now considered to be at Stage 5 except Question options: a) Argentina. b) Greece. c) Germany. d) Portugal. Question 22 2.5 / 2.5 points _______ death rate equals total deaths per year divided by the midyear population. This figure is normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Question options: a) Estimated b) Projected c) Approximate d) Crude Question 23 2.5 / 2.5 points The discussion in the course regarding the experience of China during Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1960 was meant to illustrate that Question options: a) population growth doesn't necessarily proceed at a steady rate. b) economic policies are critical to sustain population growth. c) political and economic factors are irrelevant to population growth.

d) unrestrained population growth leads to political instability. Question 24 2.5 / 2.5 points Ehrlich's dire projections differed from those of Malthus in that he applied the principle of geometric progression to Question options: a) vital resources like oil, copper, and top soils. b) significant climate change variables. c) escalating species die-off. d) birth and death rates by social class. Question 25 2.5 / 2.5 points In the decades following World War II, the United States experienced an enormous increase in the birth rate. This is an example of _______ effects, which impact population growth. Question options: a) temporary b) short-term c) period d) misleading Question 26 2.5 / 2.5 points In modern times, the greatest threat of famine is associated with Question options: a) underdeveloped infrastructure. b) political instability resulting from armed conflict. c) a lack of energy and water resources. d) economic instability due to past colonial practices. Question 27 2.5 / 2.5 points In _______, death rates have declined markedly even as infant mortality rates continue as the highest in the world.

Question options: a) Pakistan b) India c) Afghanistan d) Nigeria Question 28 2.5 / 2.5 points Malthus was incorrect on a key assumption. It turns out that as a population's standard of living increases, birth rates Question options: a) stabilize. b) increase. c) equalize. d) decrease. Question 29 2.5 / 2.5 points Which type of historical information about a population would not be found in an age pyramid? Question options: a) Ethnicity b) Fertility c) Mortality d) Migration Question 30 0 / 2.5 points In transition theory, the main factor in the reduction of death rates is Question options: a) rising access to education. b) availability of preventive health care.

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c) accessibility of pediatric care. d) improving food technologies and production. Question 31 2.5 / 2.5 points Paul Ehrlich updated his early projections because his original ideas underestimated Question options: a) immigration figures. b) capitalist gains. c) human resilience. d) political instability. Question 32 0 / 2.5 points Demographically speaking, in the United States the rate of natural increase is currently below replacement. However, the population continues to grow due to net Question options: a) decrease. b) emigration. c) birth rate. d) immigration. Question 33 2.5 / 2.5 points Thomas Malthus proposed a list of preventive and positive measures to control population growth. Which of these would Malthus call a positive check? Question options: a) Refraining from sexual intercourse on a regular basis b) Postponing marriage until later on in life c) Planning to create a smaller family d) Being prepared to cope with extreme poverty and malnutrition Question 34 2.5 / 2.5 points

Which of these statements regarding gender difference in the death rate is true? Question options: a) Female children are more likely to die young than males. b) Males tend to avoid employment in riskier occupations. c) Males engage in more risk-taking behaviors than females. d) Females experience more stress related to gender roles. Question 35 2.5 / 2.5 points _______ is the global area with the highest rate of population growth. Question options: a) China b) Africa c) Canada d) Mexico Question 36 0 / 2.5 points Which statement is true regarding global population growth trends? Question options: a) Over the last 10,000 years, the human population has climbed slowly but steadily. b) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the total human population was just short of 9 billion people. c) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the growth rate percentage was just over 1 percent. d) By the year 1,000 CE, Earth's total human population had nearly doubled. Question 37 2.5 / 2.5 points _______ decimated the population of Europe in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Question options: a) Famine

b) Armed conflict c) Plague d) Syphilis Question 38 2.5 / 2.5 points In a growing population, the rate of natural increase equals the birth rate minus the death rate plus net Question options: a) migration. b) averages. c) emigration. d) fertility. Question 39 2.5 / 2.5 points The proportion of males to females in a given population is referred to as the _______ ratio. Question options: a) fertility b) sex c) population d) stereotypical Question 40 2.5 / 2.5 points Biological demographers have determined that under ideal conditions, the human lifespan could average _______ years. Question options: a) 90 b) 95 c) 110 d) 120 Done

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