gis as1 - for merge (1)
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University of Memphis *
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7613
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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4
Uploaded by MajorGull3241
STUDENT NAME: VENKATA NIKITH PULGAM
STUDENT ID:U00885957
1)Explain the difference between discrete and continuous data sets in your own words.
Give three examples of each
Discrete data
Discrete data sets provide information on things that can be seen objectively and in fact,
such as cities, lakes, or counties. It
is displayed in triangles, dotted lines, and polygons
serving as representations of the data.
Example:
The altitude at which the mountain top is located
A city located on a map
A meteorological station is a facility which is used for measuring atmospheric conditions
A road
Continuous data
Continuous data are collections of data regarding something ethereal or unseen quantities
that can be measured on Earth. Continuous data varies with time; it is not a fixed date. This
data is stored using raster modelling. The raster model divides continuous data (i.e., a
specific geographic area) into small squares called cells or pixels.
Example:
Pressure measurement, altitude measurement
Temperature measurement
Longitude and latitude.
Relative humidity
2)A 50-m long swimming pool measures 2-cm on a large-scale map. What is the scale of
the map?
1
x
=
2
5000
Solving for x we get 2500. So the scale of the map is 1:2500, meaning that one unit on
the map corresponds to 2500 units of land.
3)Explain why GIS data sets are considered to have a source scale but not a map scale.
GIS data sets have the source scale because only the
coordinates are stored
, and the original
dimensions are obtained only when these coordinates are drawn on paper,which refers to
the original resolution or level of detail at which the data was collected. GIS datasets do not
have map dimensions, because the map scale is expressed as the ratio of the size of the
features on the map and their real size. A dataset inherits a source scale from the original
paper map at which it is based.
GIS data can be displayed at different map scales without
altering the underlying source data.
4)In what ways have the sources from which GIS data are obtained changed?
GIS data was first obtained from information sources such as disks on which GIS software
was updated. Initially, data was obtained from sources like government agencies, surveys,
and paper maps. Data clearing houses were used to download data onto CDs and DVDs. With
the growing presence of the internet, GIS data sources have also changed. An increasing
number of organizations have started publishing data on the internet, from where these
sources of information are available to different people. Unlike primary sources, these
services allow users free access to information whenever they need it. Nowadays, GIS data is
also not often stored in the cloud as opposed to giant datasets
5}Jamie is hiking trails in a forest and using his smartphone to track his position. In this
remote location with heavy tree cover, his phone typically records his position within 25 to
50 meters. Discuss the accuracy and precision of the trail map he creates.
Precision
Jaime's trail would be considered precise because the trail map is approximately the same
and follows the same pattern as Jaime's. Precision refers to the consistency and repeatability
of measurements
Accuracy
The trail would not be accurate as it could be anywhere from 25 to 50 meters away from
Jaime's actual location, meaning the map he created is likely not in the exact same location
as he was
as they should be
close the measurements to there true values.
6)Judy creates a smartphone app that allows bird watchers to upload the location and
species of birds that they spot. Discuss the potential data quality issues that might affect
her final map of bird sightings.
Several data quality issues could affect Judy's map of Bird Sightings. First is the issue of
generalization, bird sightings need a symbol to represent the data, how big is the symbol?,
incorrect bird species identification,
incomplete or missing data, and duplicate entries.
Another issue is for geometric accuracy and precision as how do people place bird sightings;
do they use GPS or plot a point by hand? Both have shortcomings as they may not be entirely
accurate or precise. As for resolution, are they bird-watching at set intervals in time, or just
going whenever they can, this could have disproportionate data. It can be difficult to capture
all spatial and attribute qualities of the birds, and there is an ethical responsibility to ensure
the data is suitable and cited for its application.
7)Construct an appropriate citation for the data that comes with this book
Mastering ArcGIS (2023) [Print]McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americans,New York,
NY 10019. Resource URL:
https://prod.reader-
ui.prod.mheducation.com/epub/sn_22d48/data-uuid-53f9b769875448268a816d19f12e741b
[August, 2010]
8)Compare and contrast the terms window, view, and pane as they relate to the ArcGIS Pro
user interface.
Windows
are containers that group views and panes on a screen into a small, box-like area.
The window stays inside the program and it actually contains views and panes. It is therefore
immutable and only one window is displayed on the system application.
A View
is used to create printable map layouts and to interact with 3D geographic data
Within to window, a view can be opened, which allows us to process certain tasks on the
computer. Contrary to windows, multiple views can be opened, but only one view can be
operated. Two or more views cannot be active at the same time.
Pane:
Usually in a window, it is to the sides of the view.
In contrast to view, the pane contains commands that provide the ability to work with the
active view. Compared to views multiple panes can be active at the same time, which is
impossible with views.
9)Explain what geoprocessing tools and parameters are.
Geoprocessing tools
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Geoprocessing tools are software designed to perform a specific task that involves executing
several tools in sequence. It is an analysis of spatial data layers, such as dissolving,
intersecting, and merging.
Parameters
Parameters are instructions or boundaries that tell the tool how to proceed. May involve
setting a maximum distance for calculating Euclidean distance.
10)Describe the difference between core ribbons and contextual ribbons
Core ribbons are always visible while contextual ribbons contain commands that appear only
when a specific object or element is selected, offering context-sensitive options related to
that selection and appear and disappear as you work and select different parts of the
project.