eng150_W09_summaryANDcomprehensionWorksheet
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Brigham Young University, Idaho *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
150
Subject
English
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by Elizabeth_Jensen
ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
PART 1:
IMRAD Structure
Complete the following tasks for the Rational Snacking article.
Introduction
The article "Rational Snacking: Young Children’s Decision-Making
on the Marshmallow Task is Moderated by Beliefs about Environmental Reliability" by Celeste Kidd, Holly Palmeri, and Richard N. Aslin, published in Cognition in January 2013, addresses children's decision-making in the classic marshmallow task. The authors delve into the traditional understanding of self-
control as the primary factor influencing children's ability to delay gratification and introduce the novel concept of environmental reliability shaping their choices.
Methods
The study involved 28 children aged 4 to 6, randomly assigned to
reliable or unreliable conditions through an art project task. This task aimed to provide evidence of experimenter reliability or unreliability before the marshmallow task. The researchers assessed how children's decision-making on sustained delay-of-
gratification tasks was influenced by their beliefs about the stability of the environment.
Results
Children in the reliable condition exhibited significantly longer wait
times (mean of 12 min) compared to those in the unreliable condition (mean of 3 min). The difference in wait times between the two conditions was highly significant (p < 0.0005), indicating a
robust impact of environmental reliability on children's decisions.
Analysis
The findings suggest that children's wait times not only reflect differences in self-control but are also influenced by an implicit, rational decision-making process based on beliefs about environmental reliability. The study challenges the traditional view
that self-control is the sole determinant of children's performance on delay-of-gratification tasks.
Discussion
The article concludes by emphasizing that an unreliable worldview, in addition to self-control, may play a crucial role in explaining the observed variance in children's wait times. The study opens avenues for future research to explore the relative contributions of different factors in understanding decision-
making in children.
Summary
ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
Compose a 200 - 300 word summary of the article.
Be sure to introduce the authors, date, and title
of the study within your summary. This will help you avoid plagiarism.
Be sure to accurately summarize. You may also paraphrase and quote, but be sure to add page numbers after the words or phrases you take from the article if you paraphrase or quote.
Consider this an opportunity to practice writing good summaries of scientific studies, which you will be required to do in your Annotated Bibliography
submission.
In the study titled "Rational Snacking: Young Children’s Decision-Making on the Marshmallow Task is Moderated by Beliefs about Environmental Reliability," authored by Celeste Kidd, Holly Palmeri, and Richard N. Aslin, and published in Cognition in January 2013, the authors challenge the conventional view that self-
control is the primary determinant of children's performance in the marshmallow task. The research introduces the novel concept of environmental reliability as a crucial factor influencing children's decision-making.
The investigation involved 28 children aged 4 to 6, randomly assigned to reliable or unreliable conditions through an art project task, providing evidence of experimenter reliability or unreliability before the marshmallow task. The results revealed a significant difference in wait times between the reliable and unreliable conditions, with children in the reliable condition exhibiting substantially longer wait times compared to their counterparts.
The findings suggest that children's decisions on sustained delay-of-
gratification tasks are not solely driven by self-control but are also influenced by an implicit, rational decision-making process shaped by beliefs about environmental reliability. The authors highlight the importance of considering both self-control and environmental reliability in understanding the factors influencing children's wait times.
This study contributes a valuable perspective to the understanding of children's decision-making processes, emphasizing the need to go beyond traditional views centered on self-control. The research opens avenues for further exploration into the interplay between self-control and environmental reliability, offering insights that may have implications for broader aspects of child development.
PART 2: Comprehension Check
ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
After initially reading and summarizing a source it is important to check your understanding. One good way to do this is to find good sources that have summarized the research already. Read/Reflect
Read/watch the following sources (linked in the assignment page) and notice how they increase your understanding of the scholarly research article called “Rational Snacking.”
Marshmallow Test: Delayed Gratification isn't Just a Matter of Willpower (see https://parentingscience.com/delayed-gratification-and-the-marshmallow-test/
)
The Marshmallow Study Revisited (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JsQMdECFnUQ
) Respond
Compose
responses to the following questions. A.
What did you learn from these sources? How have they helped you understand the original article better?
B.
How might looking at a blend of both scholarly and popular sources help you with
your own research?
In the article "Marshmallow Test: Delayed Gratification isn't Just a Matter of Willpower," the author explores the complexities of delayed gratification in children, challenging the traditional belief that willpower alone determines their ability to wait for future rewards. The marshmallow test, a classic experiment involving offering children a choice between immediate gratification and delayed, larger rewards, has been widely used to predict future success.
The article discusses how factors beyond willpower significantly influence children's decisions. The reliability of the environment and the trustworthiness of adults play a crucial role. Children exhibit increased patience when they believe in the reliability of promises made by adults. The study by Celeste Kidd in 2013 introduces a modified marshmallow experiment, where children's trust in the experimenter is manipulated, leading to variations in their performance.
Moreover, the article explores the impact of indirect experiences, such as witnessing adults behaving dishonestly towards others. Children who observe untrustworthy behavior are more likely to choose immediate rewards, suggesting that children adapt their strategies based on their environment and experiences.
The transcript of "The Marshmallow Study Revisited" video provides a visual representation of the experiments conducted. The reliable and unreliable conditions significantly affect children's wait times for the marshmallow, emphasizing the impact of environmental reliability on their decision-making.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
The comprehensive analysis challenges the simplistic view of delayed gratification as a reflection of innate willpower. Instead, it highlights the dynamic interplay between individual differences, environmental factors, and rational decision-
making in shaping children's ability to delay gratification. The article underscores the importance of considering a broader perspective when interpreting the outcomes of experiments like the marshmallow test.